Baker, K. A., Fennessy, M. S., & Mitsch, W. J. (1991). Designing wetlands for controlling coal mine drainage: an ecologic- economic modelling approach. Ecological Economics, 3(1), 1–24.
Abstract: A simulation model is developed of the efficiency and economics of an application of ecotechnology – using a created wetland to receive and treat coal mine drainage. The model examines the role of loading rates of iron on treatment efficiencies and the economic costs of wetland versus conventional treatment of mine drainage. It is calibrated with data from an Ohio wetland site and verified from multi-site data from Tennessee and Alabama. The model predicts that iron removal is closely tied to loading rates and that the cost of wetland treatment is less than that of conventional for iron loading rates of approximately 20-25 g Fe m “SUP -2” day “SUP -1” and removal efficiencies less than 85%. A wetland to achieve these conditions would cost approximately US$50 000 per year according to the model. When higher loading rates exist and higher efficiencies are needed, wetland systems are more costly than conventional treatment. -Authors
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Bauroth, M., Hähne, R., & Wolf, J. (1991). Erfahrungen bei der Dekontamination saurer Wässer des Uranbergbaus mittels Einbindung in Kraftwerksaschen. Decontamination of acit water from uranium mining by ash filtration method. Neue Bergbautechnik, (12), 420–422.
Abstract: Kontaminierte Grubenwässer des Uranbergbaus in Sachsen und Thüringen weisen eine regional schwankende chemische Zusammensetzung auf (Härte: 50 bis 1500 (Grad) dH, Sulfat: 2 bis 30 g/l, Eisen: 0,5 bis 4 g/l, Uranium: 1 bis 20 mg/l). Eine erfolgreich praktizierte Technologie der Abwasserreinigung ist dessen Verrieselung auf Kraftwerksaschen, die auf dichtem Untergrund bzw. dort, wo eine Grundwasserkontamination auszuschließen ist, aufgehaldet werden. Ziel ist es, den Nutzungsgrad der Asche zur Sicherung des Gewässerschutzes zu erhöhen. Eine geeignete Technologie ist dabei auch die Mischung von Asche und Kalk. Da die berieselte Asche bei der Einwirkung von natürlichen Niederschlägen ihre Kontamination teilweise wieder freisetzt, werden an die Verwahrung sowie Deponiebeschaffenheit von Aschehalden besondere Anforderungen gestellt. So muß beispielsweise die Verdunstung erhöht (Bewuchs, Vegetation) sowie die Dränage der infiltrierte Wässer verzögert werden.
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Bureau of Mines, U. S. D. of the I. (1991). Accelerated pyrite oxidation/enhanced alkalinity couple to reduce acid mine drainage.
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Deshpande, V. P., Pande, S. P., Gadkari, S. K., & Saxena, K. L. (1991). Acid-mine Drainage Treatment. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control, 26(8), 1387–1408.
Abstract: One of the serious problem faced by the mining industry is the disposal of acid mine drainage in view of it's harmful effects on receiving water bodies.Studies were conducted at Churcha underground mines of Colleries of South Eastern Coal Fields (CoalIndia Ltd) on the acidic mine waters with a view to evolve effective treatment system. The results of treatability studies alongwith viable treatment options are discussed in the paper.
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Kalin, M., Cairns, J., & McCready, R. (1991). Ecological engineering methods for acid mine drainage treatment of coal wastes. Resources, conservation and recycling, 5(2-3), 265–275.
Abstract: The treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) through the utilization of alkali generating microbes has potential as an alternate approach to conventional lime treatment. Organic matter, a source of fixed carbon for the alkali generating microbial ecosystem, has been tested in 6 different types of AMD. The AMD characteristics range in acidities from 2 mg/l to 900 mg/l (CaCO3 equivalent), while sulphate concentrations range from 75 to 7300 mg/l. Alkali generating populations identified include iron reducers, sulphate reducers and ammonifiers. In coal AMD amended with organic matter, the microbial alkali generation is dominated by ammonifiers. Concentrations of Al, Fe and Zn in the AMD water decreased with concurrent increases in pH (3.2 to 6.5) in localized areas in the test cells.
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