Laspidou, C. S. (2005). Constructed wetlands technology and water quality improvement: Recent advances. Proceeding of the 9th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology Vol B – Poster Presentations, , B503–B508.
Abstract: Today's demands for improved water quality in receiving waters are widespread and require the implementation of systems that are natural, low-cost and minimal-maintenance that could effectively treat polluted discharges. Wetlands are such systems and are recently receiving a lot of attention from scientists, ecologists and engineers, as they are deemed appropriate for reducing the impact of effluent and run-off on receiving waters. Since a large part of natural wetlands have been lost-about 53% of them in the United States from the 1780s to the 1980s-management options for improving receiving water quality, water reclamation and reuse involve the application of constructed wetlands technology.
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Maniatis, T. (2005). Biological removal of arsenic from tailings pond water at Canadian mine. Arsenic Metallurgy, , 209–214.
Abstract: Applied Biosciences has developed a biological technology for removal of arsenic, nitrate, selenium, and other metals from mining and industrial waste waters. The ABMet((R)) technology was implemented at a closed gold mine site in Canada for removing arsenic from tailings pond water. The system included six bioreactors that began treating water in the spring of 2004. Design criteria incorporated a maximum flow of 567 L/min (150 gallons per minute) and water temperatures ranging from 10 degrees C to 15 degrees C. Influent arsenic concentrations range from 0.5 mg/L to 1.5 mg/L. The ABMet((R)) technology consistently removes arsenic to below detection limits (0.02 mg/L). Data from the full scale system will be presented, as well as regulatory requirements and site specific challenges.
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Jenk, U., Zimmermann, U., & Ziegenbalg, G. (2005). (J. Merkel Broder, & A. Hasche-Berger, Eds.). Uranium in the Environment. Heidelberg: Springer.
Abstract: The former uranium ISL-mine at Königstein (Germany) is presently being flooded. To support the flooding process, a new technology to reduce contaminant potential in the source was developed and applied. The application based on the injection of supersaturated BaSO4-solutions to precipitate solved contaminants and to cover reactive mineral surfaces. Since 2002 the technology is applied in the southern part of the mine in order to immobilize contaminants in highly polluted areas before flooding. The article describes the fundamentals of the technology and the full-scale application.
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Houston, K. S., Milionis, P. N., Eppley, R. L., Harrington, J. M., & Harrington, J. G. (2005). Field Demonstration of In-Situ Treatment and Prevention of Acid Mine Drainage in the Abandoned Tide Mine, Indiana County, Pennsylvania.
Abstract: A field demonstration of the Green World Science® patented process technology was performed to address acid mine drainage (AMD) at an abandoned bituminous coal mine, the Tide Mine in Center Township, Indiana County, PA. ARCADIS owns an exclusive patent license of the Green World Science® process, which can be used in situ to transform an aerobic, AMD-producing mine pool to a biologically mediated, sulfate-reducing state. The Green World Science® process treats the entire mine pool to address the source of AMD in place. The project was conducted through a grant agreement between the Blacklick Creek Watershed Association, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's Bureau of Abandoned Mine Reclamation, and ARCADIS. In conjunction with the characterization of mine pool hydraulics through injection of a bromide tracer, the in situ treatments implemented at Tide Mine include the initial addition of alkalinity to create an environment suitable for biological activity, injection of organic carbon into the mine pool to facilitate microbially mediated metals reduction and precipitation, and injection of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere above the mine pool to control the dominant source of oxygen that perpetuates the AMD process. Collectively, these treatments raised the pH from a baseline of approximately 2.5 to over 6 during the demonstration period. The mine pool subsequently maintains a pH above 5 through microbially produced (i.e., bicarbonate) alkalinity. Ferric iron has been reduced to non-detect concentrations within the anaerobic mine pool, and aluminum concentrations have decreased by approximately 30%, with additional metals removal expected as the system becomes controlled by ferrous sulfide precipitation. The injection of carbon dioxide gas into the mine workings decreased oxygen concentrations above the mine pool from over 20% (ambient air conditions) to less than 5% over approximately three months, thus mitigating the source of AMD within the mine.
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Greben, H. A., Matshusa, M. P., & Maree, J. P. (2005). (J. Loredo, & F. Pendás, Eds.). Mine Water 2005 – Mine Closure. Oviedo: University of Oviedo.
Abstract: Mining is implicated as a significant contributor to water pollution, the prime reason being, that pyrites oxidize to sulphuric acid when exposed to air and water. Mine effluents, often containing sulphate, acidity and metals, should be treated to render it suitable for re-use in the mining industry, for irrigation of crops or for discharge in water bodies. This study describes the removal of all three mentioned pollutants in mine effluents, from different origins, containing different concentrations of various metals. The objectives were achieved, applying the biological sulphate removal technology, using ethanol as the carbon and energy source. It was shown that diluting the mine effluent with the effluent from the biological treatment, the pH increased due to the alkalinity in the treated water while the metals precipitated with the produced sulphide. When this treatment regime was changed and the mine water was fed undiluted, it was found that the metals stimulated the methanogenic bacteria (MB) as trace elements. This resulted in a high COD utilization of the MB, such that too little COD was available for the SRB. Metal removal in all three studies was observed and in most instances the metals were eliminated to the required disposal concentration.
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