| Records |
| Author |
Younger, P.L. |
| Title |
Holistic remedial strategies for short- and long-term water pollution from abandoned mines |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Section a-Mining Technology |
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| Volume |
109 |
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Pages |
A210-A218 |
| Keywords |
abandoned mines acid mine drainage Europe mines mining planning pollution remediation United Kingdom water pollution Western Europe |
| Abstract |
Where mining proceeds below the water-table-as it has extensively in Britain and elsewhere-water ingress is not only a hindrance during mineral extraction but also a potential liability after abandonment. This is because the cessation of dewatering that commonly follows mine closure leads to a rise in the water-table and associated, often rapid, changes in the chemical regime of the subsurface. Studies over the past two decades have provided insights into the nature and time-scales of these changes and provide a basis for rational planning of mine-water management during and after mine abandonment. The same insights into mine-water chemistry provide hints for the efficient remediation of pollution (typically due to Fe, Mn and Al and, in some cases, Zn, Cd, Pb and other metals). Intensive treatment (by chemical dosing with enhanced sedimentation or alternative processes, such as sulphidization or reverse osmosis) is often necessary only during the first few years following complete flooding of mine voids. Passive treatment (by the use of gravity-flow geochemical reactors and wetlands) may be both more cost-effective and ecologically more responsible in the long term. By the end of 1999 a total of 28 passive systems had been installed at United Kingdom mine sites, including examples of system types currently unique to the United Kingdom. Early performance data for all the systems are summarized and shown to demonstrate the efficacy of passive treatment when appropriately applied. |
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0371-7844 |
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Holistic remedial strategies for short- and long-term water pollution from abandoned mines; Wos:000167240600013; Times Cited: 2; ISI Web of Science |
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| Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17458 |
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126 |
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| Author |
Younger, P.L. |
| Title |
Passive in situ remediation of acidic mine waste leachates: progress and prospects |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Land Reclamation: Extending the Boundaries |
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Pages |
253-264 |
| Keywords |
mine water treatment |
| Abstract |
The reclamation of former mining sites is a major challenge in many parts of the world. In relation to the restoration of spoil heaps (mine waste rock piles) and similar bodies of opencast backfill, key challenges include (i) the establishment of stable slopes and minimization of other geotechnical hazards (ii) developing and maintaining a healthy vegetative cover (iii) managing the hydrological behaviour of the restored ground. Significant advances have been made over the past four decades in relation to all four of these objectives. One of the most recalcitrant problems is the ongoing generation and release of acidic leachates, which typically emerge at the toes of (otherwise restored) spoil heaps in the form of springs and seepage areas. Such features are testament to the presence of a “perched” groundwater circulation system within the spoil, and their acidity reflects the continued penetration of oxygen to zones within the heaps which contain reactive pyrite (and other iron sulphide minerals). Two obvious strategies for dealing with this problem are disruption of the perched groundwater system and/or exclusion of oxygen entry. These strategies are now being pursued with considerable success where spoil is being reclaimed for the first time, by the installation of two types of physical barrier (dry covers and water covers). However, where a spoil heap has already been revegetated some decades ago, the destruction of an established sward or woodland in order to retro-fit a dry cover or water cover is rarely an attractive option for dealing with the “secondary dereliction” represented by ongoing toe seepages of acidic leachates. More attractive by far are passive treatment techniques, in which the polluted water is forced to flow through reactive media which serve to neutralize its acidity and remove toxic metals from solution. A brief historical review of the development of such systems reveals a general progression from using limestone as the key neutralizing agent, through a combined use of limestone and compost, to systems in which almost all of the neutralization is achieved by means of bacterial sulphate reduction in the saturated compost media of subsurface-flow bioreactors. In almost all cases, these passive treatment systems include an aerobic, surface flow wetland as the final “polishing” step in the treatment process. Such wetlands combine treatment functions (efficient removal of metals from the now-neutralized waters down to low residual concentrations, and re-oxygenating the water prior to discharge to receiving watercourses) with amenity value (attractive areas for recreational walking, bird-watching etc) and ecological value. |
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Passive in situ remediation of acidic mine waste leachates: progress and prospects; Isip:000183447100035; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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| Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17016 |
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158 |
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Younger, P.L.; Neal, C.; House, W.A.; Leeks, G.J.L.; Marker, A.H. |
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The longevity of minewater pollution; a basis for decision-making U.K. fluxes to the North Sea; Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS); river basins research, the first two years |
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Journal Article |
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1997 |
Publication |
The Science of the Total Environment |
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194-195 |
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457-466 |
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acid mine drainage; acidic composition; acidification; Cornwall England; decision-making; degradation; discharge; England; Europe; Great Britain; hydrolysis; mines; planning; pollutants; pollution; remediation; retention; Scotland; soils; surface water; United Kingdom; Wales; waste disposal; water quality; Western Europe 22, Environmental geology |
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0048-9697 |
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The longevity of minewater pollution; a basis for decision-making U.K. fluxes to the North Sea; Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS); river basins research, the first two years; 1997-078352; Special issue References: 30; illus. Netherlands (NLD); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6259 |
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193 |
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| Author |
Younger, P.L.; Cornford, C. |
| Title |
Mine water pollution from Kernow to Kwazulu-Natal; geochemical remedial options and their selection in practice |
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Journal Article |
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2002 |
Publication |
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Africa Bolivia case studies Cornwall England cost decision-making decontamination Durham England England Europe geochemistry Great Britain Hlobane Colliery hydrology Kernow England KwaZulu-Natal South Africa metals Milluni Mine mine drainage monitoring pollutants pollution Quaking Houses England remediation South Africa South America South Crofty Mine South-West England Southern Africa United Kingdom water treatment Western Europe Wheal Jane Mine 22, Environmental geology |
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Pollution by mine drainage is a major problem in many parts of the world. The most frequent contaminants are Fe, Mn, Al and SO (sub 4) with locally important contributions by other metals/metalloids including (in order of decreasing frequency) Zn, Cu, As, Ni, Cd and Pb. Remedial options for such polluted drainage include monitored natural attenuation, physical intervention to minimise pollutant release, and active and passive water treatment technologies. Based on the assessment of the key hydrological and geochemical attributes of mine water discharges, a rational decision-making framework has now been developed for deciding which (or which combinations) of these options to implement in a specific case. Five case studies illustrate the application of this decision-making process in practice: Wheal Jane and South Crofty (Cornwall), Quaking Houses (Co Durham), Hlobane Colliery (South Africa) and Milluni Tin Mine (Bolivia). In many cases, particularly where the socio-environmental stakes are particularly high, the economic, political and ecological issues will prove even more challenging than the technical difficulties involved in implementing remedial interventions which will be robust in the long term. Hence truly “holistic” mine water remediation is a multi-dimensional business, involving teamwork by a range of geoscientific, hydroecological and socio-economic specialists. |
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Proceedings of the Ussher Society, vol.10, Part 3 |
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40th annual meeting of the Ussher Society |
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2004-019557; 40th annual meeting of the Ussher Society, Saint Austell, United Kingdom, Jan. 3-4, 2002 Scott Simpson lecture References: 39; illus. incl. 3 tables; GeoRef; English |
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no |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16506 |
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194 |
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Younger, P.L.; Banwart, S.A.; Hedin, R.S. |
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Book Whole |
| Year |
2002 |
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464 pp |
| Keywords |
mine water hydrology |
| Abstract |
Nowhere is the conflict between economic progress and environmental quality more apparent than in the mineral extraction industries. The latter half of the 20th century saw major advances in the reclamation technologies. However, mine water pollution problems have not been addressed. In many cases, polluted mine water long outlives the life of the mining operation. As the true cost of long-term water treatment responsibilities has become apparent, interest has grown in the technologies that would decrease the production of contaminated water and make its treatment less costly. This is the first book to address the mine water issue head-on. The authors explain the complexities of mine water pollution by reviewing the hydrogeological context of its formation, and provide an up-to-date presentation of prevention and treatment technologies. The book will be a valuable reference for all professionals who encounter polluted mine water on a regular or occasional basis. Foreword; R. Fernández Rubio. Preface. 1. Mining and the Water Environment. 2. Mine Water Chemistry. 3. Mine Water Hydrology. 4. Active Treatment of Polluted Mine Waters. 5. Passive Treatment of Polluted Mine Waters |
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Kluwer |
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Dordrecht |
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Mine Water – Hydrology, Pollution, Remediation |
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1-4020-0137-1 |
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Mine Water – Hydrology, Pollution, Remediation; 1; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17449 |
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195 |
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