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Author Watzlaf, G.R.; Schroeder, K.T.; Kairies, C.L. openurl 
  Title Type Book Whole
  Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 262-274  
  Keywords passive treatment anoxic limestone drains wetlands sulfate reduction successive alkalinity-producing systems acid mine drainage ALD SAPS RAPS  
  Abstract Ten passive treatment systems, located in Pennsylvania and Maryland, have been intensively monitored for up to ten years. Influent and effluent water quality data from ten anoxic limestone drains (ALDs) and six reducing and alkalinity-producing systems (RAPS) have been analyzed to determine long-term performance for each of these specific unit operations. ALDs and RAPS are used principally to generate alkalinity, ALDs are buried beds of limestone that add alkalinity through dissolution of calcite. RAPS add alkalinity through both limestone dissolution and bacterial sulfate reduction. ALDs that received mine water containing less than 1 mg/L of both ferric iron and aluminum have continued to produce consistent concentrations of alkalinity since their construction. However, an ALD that received 20 mg/L of aluminum experienced a rapid reduction in permeability and failed within five months. Maximum levels of alkalinity (between 150 and 300 m&) appear to be reached after I5 hours of retention. All but one RAPS in this study have been constructed and put into operation only within the past 2.5 to 5 years. One system has been in operation and monitored for more than nine years. AIkalinity due to sulfate reduction was highest during the first two summers of operation. Alkalinity due to a limestone dissolution has been consistent throughout the life of the system. For the six RAPS in this study, sulfate reduction contributed an average of 28% of the total alkalinity. Rate of total alkalinity generation range from 15.6 gd''rn-'to 62.4 gd-'mL2 and were dependent on influent water quality and contact time.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Tampa Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Proceedings, 17th Annual National Meeting – American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Long-Term Perpormance of Alkalinity-Producing Passive Systems for the Treatment of Mine Drainage; 2; VORHANDEN | AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer; als Datei vorhanden 4 Abb., 5 Tab. Approved no  
  Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 17440 Serial 216  
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Author Ziemkiewicz, P.; Skousen, J.; Simmons, J. openurl 
  Title Cost benefit analysis of passive treatment systems Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords acid mine drainage; acidification; Augusta coal field; Big Bear Lake; carbonate rocks; coal mines; cost; dams; drainage basins; economics; ferric iron; Indiana; iron; limestone; metals; mines; optimization; oxidation; Pike County Indiana; pollution; Preston County West Virginia; pyrite; sedimentary rocks; South Fork Patoka River; spoils; sulfate ion; sulfides; surface water; United States; water pollution; water quality; water resources; water treatment; West Virginia 22, Environmental geology  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Proceedings, 22nd West Virginia surface mine drainage task force symposium Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 2002-047125; Twenty-second West Virginia surface mine drainage task force symposium, Morgantown, WV, United States, April 3-4, 2001 References: 7; illus. incl. 9 tables; GeoRef; English Approved no  
  Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 5766 Serial 191  
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Author Ziemkiewicz, P.F.; Skousen, J.G.; Brant, D.L.; Sterner, P.L.; Lovett, R.J.; Skousen, J.G.; Ziemkiewicz, P.F. openurl 
  Title Acid mine drainage treatment with armored limestone in open limestone channels Type Book Chapter
  Year 1996 Publication Acid mine drainage control and treatment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords abandoned mines; acid mine drainage; acidification; carbonate rocks; case studies; chemical reactions; coal mines; controls; decontamination; effluents; environmental management; experimental studies; ground water; heavy metals; hydrology; limestone; mines; Pennsylvania; pollution; reclamation; sedimentary rocks; soils; surface water; United States; water treatment; watersheds; West Virginia 22, Environmental geology  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher West Virginia University and the National Mine Land Reclamation Center Place of Publication Morgantown Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Acid mine drainage treatment with armored limestone in open limestone channels; GeoRef; English; 2004-051155; Edition: 2 References: 14; illus. incl. 6 tables Approved no  
  Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 6365 Serial 189  
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Author Ziemkiewicz, P.F.; Skousen, J.G.; Lovett, R.; Skousen, J.G.; Ziemkiewicz, P.F. openurl 
  Title Open limestone channels for treating acid mine drainage; a new look at an old idea Type Book Chapter
  Year 1996 Publication Acid mine drainage control and treatment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords acid mine drainage; acidic composition; acidification; Appalachians; carbonate rocks; chemical reactions; concentration; constructed wetlands; ground water; limestone; North America; Pennsylvania; pollution; sedimentary rocks; surface water; United States; water quality; water treatment; West Virginia; western Pennsylvania; wetlands 22, Environmental geology  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher West Virginia University and the National Mine Land Reclamation Center Place of Publication Morgantown Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Open limestone channels for treating acid mine drainage; a new look at an old idea; GeoRef; English; 2004-051154; Edition: 2 References: 5; illus. incl. 5 tables Approved no  
  Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 6364 Serial 188  
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Author Ziemkiewicz, P.F.; Skousen, J.G.; Simmons, J. openurl 
  Title Long-term Performance of Passive Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Systems Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Mine Water Env. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 118-129  
  Keywords acidity acid load aerobic wetlands anaerobic wetlands anoxic limestone drains limestone leach beds open limestone channels slag leach beds successive alkalinity producing systems vertical flow wetlands  
  Abstract State and federal reclamation programs, mining operators, and citizen-based watershed organizations have constructed hundreds of passive systems in the eastern U.S. over the past 20 years to provide reliable, low cost, low maintenance mine water treatment in remote locations. While performance has been reported for individual systems, there has not been a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of each treatment type for a wide variety of conditions. We evaluated 83 systems: five types in eight states. Each system was monitored for influent and effluent flow, pH, net acidity, and metal concentrations. Performance was normalized among types by calculating acid load reductions and removals, and by converting construction cost, projected service life, and metric tonnes of acid load treated into cost per tonne of acid treated. Of the 83 systems, 82 reduced acid load. Average acid load reductions were 9.9 t/yr for open limestone channels (OLC), 10.1 t/yr for vertical flow wetlands (VFW), 11.9 t/yr for anaerobic wetlands (AnW), 16.6 t/yr for limestone leach beds (LSB), and 22.2 t/yr for anoxic limestone drains (ALD). Average costs for acid removal varied from $83/t/yr for ALDs to $527 for AnWs. Average acid removals were 25 g/m2/day for AnWs, 62 g/m2/day for VFWs, 22 g/day/t for OLCs, 28 g/day/t for LSBs, and 56 g/day/t for ALDs. It appears that the majority of passive systems are effective but there was wide variation within each system type, so improved reliability and efficiency are needed. This report is an initial step in determining passive treatment system performance; additional work is needed to refine system designs and monitoring.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1025-9112 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Long-term Performance of Passive Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Systems; 1; FG 1 Abb., 7 Tab.; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer Approved no  
  Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 17454 Serial 187  
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