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Author Coulton, R.; Bullen, C.; Hallett, C.
Title The design and optimisation of active mine water treatment plants Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Land Contam. Reclam. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 273-280
Keywords sludge mine water treatment mine water active treatment precipitation iron manganese high density sludge sulphide Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive manganese sulfide pollutant removal iron water treatment mine drainage
Abstract This paper provides a 'state of the art' overview of active mine water treatment. The paper discusses the process and reagent selection options commonly available to the designer of an active mine water treatment plant. Comparisons are made between each of these options, based on technical and financial criteria. The various different treatment technologies available are reviewed and comparisons made between conventional precipitation (using hydroxides, sulphides and carbonates), high density sludge processes and super-saturation precipitation. The selection of reagents (quick lime, slaked lime, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and proprietary chemicals) is considered and a comparison made on the basis of reagent cost, ease of use, final effluent quality and sludge settling criteria. The choice of oxidising agent (air, pure oxygen, peroxide, etc.) for conversion of ferrous to ferric iron is also considered. Whole life costs comparisons (capital, operational and decommissioning) are made between conventional hydroxide precipitation and the high density sludge process, based on the actual treatment requirements for four different mine waters.
Address R. Coulton, Unipure Europe Ltd., Wonastow Road, Monmouth NP25 5JA, United Kingdom
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ISSN 0967-0513 ISBN Medium
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Notes The design and optimisation of active mine water treatment plants; 2530436; United-Kingdom 4; Geobase Approved no
Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 17513 Serial 59
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Author Laine, D.M.; Jarvis, A.P.
Title Engineering design aspects of passive in situ remediation of mining effluents Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Land Contam. Reclam. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 113-126
Keywords Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive waste management pyrite iron sulfide remediation mine drainage effluent
Abstract Passive treatment of contaminated effluents can offer a 'low cost' management opportunity to remediate drainages to the standards required by enforcement agencies. However, the initial cost of construction of passive treatment systems is significant and often in excess of that for active treatment systems. It is therefore important that the engineering design of the passive systems produces an effective and efficient scheme to enable the construction and maintenance costs to be minimised as far as possible. Possible parameters for the design of passive systems are suggested to seek to obtain uniformity in size and layout of treatment elements where this may be possible. Passive treatment systems include aeration systems, sedimentation ponds, aerobic and anaerobic wetlands, anoxic limestone drains and reducing alkalinity producing systems. Most active treatment systems also include passive elements in the treatment stream. The basic design considerations that should be considered to ensure the construction of efficient systems are discussed.
Address D.M. Laine, IMC Consulting Engineers, PO Box 18, Sutton-in-Ashfield NG17 2NS, United Kingdom
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Notes Engineering design aspects of passive in situ remediation of mining effluents; 2530416; United-Kingdom 22; Geobase Approved no
Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 17523 Serial 60
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Author Wiseman, I.M.; Edwards, P.J.; Rutt, G.P.
Title Recovery of an aquatic ecosystem following treatment of abandoned mine drainage with constructed wetlands Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Land Contam. Reclam. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 221-230
Keywords Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater problems and environmental effects Wetlands and estuaries geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) geographical abstracts: physical geography hydrology (71 6 8) coal mine recovery aquatic ecosystem constructed wetland water treatment mine drainage abandoned mine
Abstract Seven kilometres of the River Pelenna in South Wales were impacted for approximately 30 years by discharges from abandoned coal mines. Elevated iron and low pH caused significant ochreous staining and had detrimental effects on the river ecology. The River Pelenna Mine water project constructed a series of passive wetland treatment systems to treat these discharges. Monitoring of the performance and environmental benefits of these has been undertaken as part of an Environment Agency R&D project. This project has assessed the changes in water quality as well as monitoring populations of invertebrates, fish and birds between 1993 and 2001. Performance data from the wetlands show that on average the three systems are removing between 82 and 95% of the iron loading from the mine waters. In the rivers downstream, the dissolved iron concentration has dropped to below the Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) of 1 mg/L for the majority of the time. Increases in pH downstream of the discharges have also been demonstrated. Trout (Salmo trutta) recovered quickly following mine water treatment, returning the next year to areas that previously had no fish. Intermittent problems with overflows from the treatment systems temporarily depleted the numbers, but the latest data indicate a thriving population. The overflow problems and also background episodes of acidity have affected the recovery of the riverine invertebrates. However, there have been gradual improvements in the catchment, and in the summer of 2001 most sites held faunas which approached those found in unpolluted controls. Recovery of the invertebrate fauna is reflected in marked increases in the breeding success of riverine birds between 1996 and 2001. This study has shown that constructed wetlands can be an effective, low cost and sustainable solution to ecological damage caused by abandoned mine drainage.
Address I.M. Wiseman, Environment Agency Wales, 19 Penyfai Lane, Furnace, Llanelli SA15 4EL, United Kingdom
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Notes Recovery of an aquatic ecosystem following treatment of abandoned mine drainage with constructed wetlands; 2530429; United-Kingdom 25; Geobase Approved no
Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 17516 Serial 206
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Author Rukin, N.
Title Whittle mine water treatment system: In-river attenuation of manganese Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Land Contam. Reclam. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 137-144
Keywords Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater problems and environmental effects geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) river water natural attenuation manganese water treatment mine drainage coal mine
Abstract Much work has been undertaken on the design of treatment systems to remove iron from ochreous mine water discharges. Unlike iron, manganese removal is far more difficult and generally requires active chemical dosing rather than passive treatment. The need for manganese removal can therefore significantly change the economics, management attention and sustainability of a site. Understanding natural attenuation of manganese in river systems is therefore key to deciding whether (active) manganese treatment is needed to protect downstream receptors. Nuttall (2002, this volume) describes the effectiveness of the passive treatment system at Whittle in reducing both iron and manganese concentrations in ochreous mine waters. This paper discusses the results of in-river monitoring and provides evidence for manganese removal downstream of the discharge point. In addition to dilution, attenuation appears to be in the order of 20 to 50%, depending on relative rates of mine water discharge and river flows. Such attenuation means that active treatment may not be needed for the long-term operation of the Whittle scheme. Operation of the scheme commenced in July 2002, with monitoring to further examine evidence for manganese attenuation and any impact on the ecology of the recipient watercourses.
Address N. Rukin, Entec UK Ltd., 160-162 Abbey Foregate, Shrewsbury SY2 6BZ, United Kingdom
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Notes Whittle mine water treatment system: In-river attenuation of manganese; 2530418; United-Kingdom 2; Geobase Approved no
Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 17521 Serial 257
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Author Beck, P.
Title CL:AIRE – Providing support for remediation research Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Land Contam. Reclam. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 99-104
Keywords Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive geomechanics abstracts: excavations (77 10 10) geological abstracts: environmental geology (72 14 2) contaminated land remediation guideline acid mine drainage hydrochemistry
Abstract CL:AIRE (Contaminated Land: Applications in Real Environments) is a public-private partnership which was established in 1999 to encourage the demonstration of remediation research and technologies on contaminated sites throughout the UK. Project proposals are submitted to CL:AIRE and reviewed and approved by the CL:AIRE Technology & Research Group. CL:AIRE provides independent verification of its projects and plays a crucial role in the dissemination of project information. During the course of the project, progress is reported through the newsletter, CL:AIRE view, which is mailed free of charge to a database of more than 4500 stakeholders with an interest in contaminated land. Progress is also tracked on the CL:AIRE website at www.claire.co.uk. On completion of the project, a project report is published and a one page summary fact sheet is prepared. The fact sheet is distributed to our database subscribers and posted on the website. The project is also presented at the CL:AIRE Annual Project Conference. In addition, aspects of the research which have practical application will be published as CL:AIRE Research Bulletins. Acid mine waters discharging from abandoned mines represent a significant environmental problem in many parts of the UK. Considerable research has been carried out to understand the geochemical process involved, and the knowledge has been used to manage groundwater discharge through physical/chemical treatment and constructed wetlands. CL:AIRE supports the development of a national site for wetland research managed by the University of Newcastle and will encourage collaborative research projects to be submitted through CL:AIRE. CL:AIRE is currently supporting two projects which demonstrate remediation of acid mine drainage and is disseminating the results of this and other research to improve confidence in the use of these techniques.
Address P. Beck, CL:AIRE, 1 Great Cumberland Place, London W1H 7AL, United Kingdom
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Notes CL:AIRE – Providing support for remediation research; 2530414; United-Kingdom 2; Geobase Approved no
Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 17524 Serial 461
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