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Author Younger, P.L.
Title Passive in situ remediation of acidic mine waste leachates: progress and prospects Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Land Reclamation: Extending the Boundaries Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 253-264
Keywords mine water treatment
Abstract The reclamation of former mining sites is a major challenge in many parts of the world. In relation to the restoration of spoil heaps (mine waste rock piles) and similar bodies of opencast backfill, key challenges include (i) the establishment of stable slopes and minimization of other geotechnical hazards (ii) developing and maintaining a healthy vegetative cover (iii) managing the hydrological behaviour of the restored ground. Significant advances have been made over the past four decades in relation to all four of these objectives. One of the most recalcitrant problems is the ongoing generation and release of acidic leachates, which typically emerge at the toes of (otherwise restored) spoil heaps in the form of springs and seepage areas. Such features are testament to the presence of a “perched” groundwater circulation system within the spoil, and their acidity reflects the continued penetration of oxygen to zones within the heaps which contain reactive pyrite (and other iron sulphide minerals). Two obvious strategies for dealing with this problem are disruption of the perched groundwater system and/or exclusion of oxygen entry. These strategies are now being pursued with considerable success where spoil is being reclaimed for the first time, by the installation of two types of physical barrier (dry covers and water covers). However, where a spoil heap has already been revegetated some decades ago, the destruction of an established sward or woodland in order to retro-fit a dry cover or water cover is rarely an attractive option for dealing with the “secondary dereliction” represented by ongoing toe seepages of acidic leachates. More attractive by far are passive treatment techniques, in which the polluted water is forced to flow through reactive media which serve to neutralize its acidity and remove toxic metals from solution. A brief historical review of the development of such systems reveals a general progression from using limestone as the key neutralizing agent, through a combined use of limestone and compost, to systems in which almost all of the neutralization is achieved by means of bacterial sulphate reduction in the saturated compost media of subsurface-flow bioreactors. In almost all cases, these passive treatment systems include an aerobic, surface flow wetland as the final “polishing” step in the treatment process. Such wetlands combine treatment functions (efficient removal of metals from the now-neutralized waters down to low residual concentrations, and re-oxygenating the water prior to discharge to receiving watercourses) with amenity value (attractive areas for recreational walking, bird-watching etc) and ecological value.
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Notes Passive in situ remediation of acidic mine waste leachates: progress and prospects; Isip:000183447100035; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science Approved no
Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 17016 Serial 158
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Author Blowes, D.W.; Bain, J.G.; Smyth, D.J.; Ptacek, C.J.; Jambor, J.L.; Blowes, D.W.; Ritchie, A.I.M.
Title Treatment of mine drainage using permeable reactive materials Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Environmental Aspects of Mine Wastes Abbreviated Journal
Volume 31 Issue Pages 361-376
Keywords acid mine drainage; acidification; aquatic environment; aquifer vulnerability; aquifers; bacteria; biodegradation; Canada; case studies; chemical reactions; Cochrane District Ontario; concentration; damage; degradation; disposal barriers; Eastern Canada; effluents; environmental analysis; ferric iron; Fry Canyon; ground water; iron; Kidd Creek Site; metal ores; metals; mines; models; Monticello Canyon; Ontario; pollution; preferential flow; reactive barriers; remediation; sediments; solid waste; sulfate ion; sulfates; sulfides; tailings; Timmins Ontario; United States; uranium ores; Utah; waste disposal; waste management; waste rock mine water treatment
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ISSN 0144-7815 ISBN Medium
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Notes Treatment of mine drainage using permeable reactive materials; Ccc:000186842900017; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science Approved no
Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 7910 Serial 182
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Author Ziemkiewicz, P.F.; Skousen, J.G.; Simmons, J.
Title Long-term Performance of Passive Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Systems Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Mine Water Env. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 118-129
Keywords acidity acid load aerobic wetlands anaerobic wetlands anoxic limestone drains limestone leach beds open limestone channels slag leach beds successive alkalinity producing systems vertical flow wetlands
Abstract State and federal reclamation programs, mining operators, and citizen-based watershed organizations have constructed hundreds of passive systems in the eastern U.S. over the past 20 years to provide reliable, low cost, low maintenance mine water treatment in remote locations. While performance has been reported for individual systems, there has not been a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of each treatment type for a wide variety of conditions. We evaluated 83 systems: five types in eight states. Each system was monitored for influent and effluent flow, pH, net acidity, and metal concentrations. Performance was normalized among types by calculating acid load reductions and removals, and by converting construction cost, projected service life, and metric tonnes of acid load treated into cost per tonne of acid treated. Of the 83 systems, 82 reduced acid load. Average acid load reductions were 9.9 t/yr for open limestone channels (OLC), 10.1 t/yr for vertical flow wetlands (VFW), 11.9 t/yr for anaerobic wetlands (AnW), 16.6 t/yr for limestone leach beds (LSB), and 22.2 t/yr for anoxic limestone drains (ALD). Average costs for acid removal varied from $83/t/yr for ALDs to $527 for AnWs. Average acid removals were 25 g/m2/day for AnWs, 62 g/m2/day for VFWs, 22 g/day/t for OLCs, 28 g/day/t for LSBs, and 56 g/day/t for ALDs. It appears that the majority of passive systems are effective but there was wide variation within each system type, so improved reliability and efficiency are needed. This report is an initial step in determining passive treatment system performance; additional work is needed to refine system designs and monitoring.
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ISSN 1025-9112 ISBN Medium
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Notes Long-term Performance of Passive Acid Mine Drainage Treatment Systems; 1; FG 1 Abb., 7 Tab.; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer Approved no
Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 17454 Serial 187
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Author Wisotzky, F.
Title Saure Bergbauwässer (Acid Mine Drainage) und deren Qualitätsverbesserung durch Zugabe von alkalisch wirkenden Zuschlagstoffen zum Abraum : Untersuchungen im Rheinischen Braunkohlenrevier Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Deutsches gewässerkundliches Jahrbuch Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 167
Keywords Rheinisches Braunkohlenrevier Grubenwasser Versauerung Pyrit Oxidation Braunkohlentagebau Bergbaurestsee Gewässerversauerung Hydrogeochemie Neutralisation Zuschlagstoff
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Notes Saure Bergbauwässer (Acid Mine Drainage) und deren Qualitätsverbesserung durch Zugabe von alkalisch wirkenden Zuschlagstoffen zum Abraum : Untersuchungen im Rheinischen Braunkohlenrevier; Nordrhein-Westfalen / Landesumweltamt; Zugl.: Bochum, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2003; Opac Approved no
Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 6918 Serial 205
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Author Walton-Day, K.
Title Type Book Whole
Year 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 335-359
Keywords passive treatment active treatment mine water acid mine drainage
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Publisher Mineralogical Association of Canada Place of Publication 31 Editor Raeside, R.
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ISSN ISBN 0-921294-31-X Medium
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Notes Passive and active treatment of mine drainage; 4; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer; TUBAFG 04.399 8 Abb. Approved no
Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 9944 Serial 219
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