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Ordónez, A., Loredo, J., & Pendás, F. (1999). (R. Fernández Rubio, Ed.). Mine, Water & Environment. Ii: International Mine Water Association.
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Calabrese, J. P., Sexstone, A. J., Bhumbla, D. K., Skousen, J. G., Bissonnette, G. K., & Sencindiver, J. C. (1994). Long-term study of constructed model wetlands for treatment of acid mine drainage. In Special Publication – United States. Bureau of Mines, Report: BUMINES-SP-06B-94 (406). Proceedings of the International land reclamation and mine drainage conference and Third international conference on The abatement of acidic drainage; Volume 2 of 4; Mine drainage.
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Nawrot, J. R., Conley, P. S., & Sandusky, J. E. (1994). Concentrated alkaline recharge pools for acid seep abatement; principles, design, construction, and performance. In Special Publication – United States. Bureau of Mines, Report: BUMINES-SP-06A-94 (pp. 382–391). Proceedings of the International land reclamation and mine drainage conference and Third international conference on The abatement of acidic drainage; Volume 1 of 4; Mine drainage.
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Watzlaf, G. R., Schroeder, K. T., & Kairies, C. L. (2000). Proceedings, 17th Annual National Meeting – American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation. Tampa.
Abstract: Ten passive treatment systems, located in Pennsylvania and Maryland, have been intensively monitored for up to ten years. Influent and effluent water quality data from ten anoxic limestone drains (ALDs) and six reducing and alkalinity-producing systems (RAPS) have been analyzed to determine long-term performance for each of these specific unit operations. ALDs and RAPS are used principally to generate alkalinity, ALDs are buried beds of limestone that add alkalinity through dissolution of calcite. RAPS add alkalinity through both limestone dissolution and bacterial sulfate reduction. ALDs that received mine water containing less than 1 mg/L of both ferric iron and aluminum have continued to produce consistent concentrations of alkalinity since their construction. However, an ALD that received 20 mg/L of aluminum experienced a rapid reduction in permeability and failed within five months. Maximum levels of alkalinity (between 150 and 300 m&) appear to be reached after I5 hours of retention. All but one RAPS in this study have been constructed and put into operation only within the past 2.5 to 5 years. One system has been in operation and monitored for more than nine years. AIkalinity due to sulfate reduction was highest during the first two summers of operation. Alkalinity due to a limestone dissolution has been consistent throughout the life of the system. For the six RAPS in this study, sulfate reduction contributed an average of 28% of the total alkalinity. Rate of total alkalinity generation range from 15.6 gd''rn-'to 62.4 gd-'mL2 and were dependent on influent water quality and contact time.
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Nairn, R. W., & Hedin, R. S. (1992). Designing wetlands for the treatment of polluted coal mine drainage. In M. C. Landin (Ed.), Wetlands; proceedings of the 13th annual conference; Society of Wetland Scientists (pp. 224–229).
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