Mohan, D., & Chander, S. (2006). Removal and recovery of metal ions from acid mine drainage using lignite-A low cost sorbent. J. Hazard. Mater., 137(3), 1545–1553.
Abstract: Acid mine drainage (AMD), has long been a significant environmental problem resulting from the microbial oxidation of iron pyrite in presence of water and air, affording an acidic solution that contains toxic metal ions. The main objective of this study was to remove and recover metal ions from acid mine drainage (AMD) by using lignite, a low cost sorbent. Lignite has been characterized and used for the AMD treatment. Sorption of ferrous, ferric, manganese, zinc and calcium in multi-component aqueous systems was investigated. Studies were performed at different pH to find optimum pH. To simulate industrial conditions for acid mine wastewater treatment, all the studies were performed using single and multi-columns setup in down flow mode. The empty bed contact time (EBCT) model was used for minimizing the sorbent usage. Recovery of the metal ions as well as regeneration of sorbent was achieved successfully using 0.1 M nitric acid without dismantling the columns. < copyright > 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Bochkarev, G. R., Beloborodov, A. V., Kondrat'ev, S. A., & Pushkareva, G. I. (1994). Intensification of Aeration in treating Natural-Water and Mine Water. J. Min. Sci., 30(6), 5.
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Larsen, H. P. (1973). Chemical Treatment Of Metal-Bearing Mine Drainage. J. Water Poll. Control Fed., 45(8), 1682–1695.
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Banks, S. B. (2003). The UK coal authority minewater-treatment scheme programme: Performance of operational systems. Jciwem, 17(2), 117–122.
Abstract: This paper summarises the performance of minewater-treatment schemes which are operated under the Coal Authority's National Minewater Treatment Programme. Commonly-used design criteria and performance indicators are briefly discussed, and the performance of wetland systems which are operated by the Coal Authority is reviewed. Most schemes for which data are available remove more than 90% iron, and average area-adjusted iron-removal rates range from 1.5 to 5.5 g Fe/m(2). d. These values, which are based on performance calculations, can be distorted by several factors, including the practice of maximising wetland areas to make best use of available land. Removal rates are limited by influent iron loadings, and area-adjusted iron-removal rates should be used with caution when assessing wetland performance. Sizing criteria for all types of treatment system might be refined if more detailed data become available.
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Costigan, P. A. (1982). The reclamation of acidic colliery spoil .3. Problems associated with the use of high-rates of limestone. Journal of Applied Ecology, 19(1), 193–201.
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