Murray-Gulde, C. L. (). Contributions of Schoenoplectus californicus in a constructed wetland system receiving copper contaminated wastewater. Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 163(1-4), 355–378.
Abstract: Functional roles of Schoenoplectus californicus, giant bulrush, were evaluated in an 3.2 ha (8-acre) constructed wetland treatment system receiving copper-contaminated water. The constructed wetland used in this research was designed to decrease bioavailable copper concentrations in a wastestream and eliminate associated toxicity to downstream biota by exploiting the thermodynamic processes responsible for copper speciation. This was achieved by integrating carbon, sulfur and copper biogeochemical cycles. In this system, S. californicus, which represents an integral part of the carbon cycle, provides a physical, chemical and biological role in removing metals from the aqueous phase. The specific contributions of S. californicus in this system are to provide a sustainable carbon source for removal of copper by (1) provision of an organic ligand for sorption of copper entering the system, (2) production of organic ligands through growth of S. californicus, (3) accretion of organic ligands over time due to decomposition of S. californicus detritus, and (4) use of organic carbon as an energy source for dissimilatory sulfate production. Shoots and roots of viable S. californicus sorbed 0.88% and 5.88%, respectively, of copper entering the system. The half-life of S. californicus detritus in the constructed wetland system was approximately 184 d, indicating that sufficient detritus will accrete over time, providing binding sites for copper and an energy source for bacterial metabolic processes that contribute to copper immobilization in wetland systems.
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Lovell, H. L. (1971). Limestone Treatment Of Coal Mine Drainage. Min. Congr. J., 57(10), 28–&.
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Lovell, H. L. (1971). Mine Water Treatment Control. Min. Congr. J., 57(6), 83–&.
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Larsen, H. P. (1973). Chemical Treatment Of Metal-Bearing Mine Drainage. J. Water Poll. Control Fed., 45(8), 1682–1695.
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Bell, A. V., & Nancarrow, D. R. (1974). Salmon and mining in northeastern New Brunswick (a summary of the northeastern New Brunswick mine water quality program). CIM Bull., 67(751), 44–53.
Abstract: It was aimed toward developing solutions to major water quality problems in the base metal mining regions of northeastern New Brunswick and specifically toward insuring that the extremely valuable fishery resources and aquatic environments of the region could be maintained in the face of existing and future base metal mining developments. The program analyzed in detail the fishery resources of the region, their water quality requirements, the mineral resources of the region and the many aspects of mining waste management at each phase of mine development. This paper describes the reasons for the initial concern and the approach adopted toward finding a solution. It briefly summarizes the important findings and recommendations made to support the conclusion that the fishery resource can be maintained and co-exist with current and future base metal mining developments in the region
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