Goulet, R. R. (2001). The evaluation of metal retention by a constructed wetland using the pulmonate gastropod Helisoma trivolvis (Say). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 40(3), 303–310.
Abstract: Constructed wetlands are built because they can act as sinks fur many pollutants, thereby protecting the water quality of downstream ecosystems. The treatment performance is generally assessed using mass balance calculations. Along with the mass balance approach, we compared the metal content of populations of a common pond snail (Helisoma trivolvis Say) collected upstream and downstream of a 3-year-old constructed wetland. Snails were collected in early May, June, and August 1998. At the same time, water samples for particulate and dissolved metals were taken every 3 days for the duration of the experiment. Overall, the wetland retained most dissolved metals, including Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb, but released dissolved As. However, the wetland released particulate Fe and Mn. With the exception of Zn, the metal concentrations of the downstream snails were on average higher than those measured in the upstream population. The higher metal content of downstream snails was likely related to the significant export of particulate metals by the wetland, despite the overall retention of dissolved metals. This study points to the need for biological as well as chemical monitoring to determine the treatment efficiency and toxicological risk associated with constructed wetlands.
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Gatzweiler, R. (2001). Cover design for radioactive and AMD-producing mine waste in the Ronneburg area, Eastern Thuringia. Waste Management, 21(2), 175–184.
Abstract: At the former uranium mining site of Ronneburg, large scale underground and open pit mining for nearly 40 years resulted in a production of about 113 000 tonnes of uranium and about 200 million cubic metres of mine waste. In their present state, these materials cause risks to human health and strong environmental impacts and therefore demand remedial action. The remediation options available are relocation of mine spoil into the open pit and on site remediation by landscaping/contouring, placement of a cover and revegetation. A suitable vegetated cover system combined with a surface water drainage system provides long-term stability against erosion and reduces acid generation thereby meeting the main remediation objectives which are long-term reduction of radiological exposure and contaminant emissions and recultivation. The design of the cover system includes the evaluation of geotechnical, radiological, hydrological, geochemical and ecological criteria and models. The optimized overall model for the cover system has to comply with general conditions as, e.g. economic efficiency, public acceptance and sustainability. Most critical elements for the long-term performance of the cover system designed for the Beerwalde dump are the barrier system and its long-term integrity and a largely self-sustainable vegetation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Govind, R. (2001). Treatment of acid mine drainage using membrane bioreactors. Bioremediation of Inorganic Compounds, 6(9), 1–8.
Abstract: Acid mine drainage is a severe water pollution problem attributed to past mining activities. The exposure of the post-mining mineral residuals to water and air results in a series of chemical and biological oxidation reactions, that produce an effluent which is highly acidic and contains high concentrations of various metal sulfates. Several treatment techniques utilizing sulfate reducing bacteria have been proposed in the past; however few of them have been practically applied to treat acid mine drainage. This research deals with membrane reactor studies to treat the acid mine drainage water from Berkeley Pit in Butte, Montana using hydrogen-consuming sulfate reducing bacteria. Eventually, the membrane reactor system can be applied towards the treatment of acid mine drainage to produce usable water.
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Rajaram, V. (2001). Methodology for estimating the costs of treatment of mine drainage. Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Mining Congress and Exhibition of Turkey, , 191–201.
Abstract: Tetra Tech developed worksheets for the U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Surface Mining (OSM) to allow a consistent, accurate, and rapid method of estimating the costs of long-term treatment of mine drainage at coal mines, in accordance with the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) of 1977. This paper describes the rationale for the worksheets and how they can be used to calculate costs for site-specific conditions. Decision trees for selection of alternative treatments for acidic or alkaline mine drainage are presented.
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Ziemkiewicz, P., Skousen, J., & Simmons, J. (2001). Cost benefit analysis of passive treatment systems.
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