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	Author	Demin, O.A.; Dudeney, A.W.L.; Tarasova, I.I.
	Title	Remediation of Ammonia-rich Minewater in Constructed Wetlands			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Environ. Technol.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	23	Issue	5	Pages	497-514
	Keywords	constructed wetlands reed beds ammonia removal nitrification woolley colliery horizontal subsurface flow nitrate removal waste-water denitrification nitrification
	Abstract	A three-year study of ammonia removal from minewater was carried out employing constructed wetland systems (surface flow wetland and subsurface flow wetland cells) at the former Woolley Mine in West Yorkshire, UK The 1.4 Ha surface flow wetland (constructed in 1995) reduced the ammonia concentration from 3.5 – 4.5 mg l(-1) to < 2 3 mg V during the first half of the study and to essentially zero in the last year (2000 – 2001). About 25 % of contained ammonia was converted to nitrate, about 10 % was consumed by the plants and up to 30 % was converted to nitrogen gas. This maturation effect was attributed to increased depth of sludge from sedimentation of ochre, providing increased surface area for immobilisation of ammonia oxidising bacteria. The surface flow wetland finally removed 23 g m(-2) day(-1) ammonia in comparison with 3.8 g m(-2) day' for the subsurface flow (pea gravel) wetland cells, constructed for the present work and dosed with ammonium salts. Removal of ammonia by both systems was consistent with well-established mechanisms of nitrification and denitrification. It was also consistent with ammonia removal in wastewater wetland systems, although the greater aeration in the minewater systems obviated the need for special aeration cycles. The general role of wetland plants in such aerated conditions was attributed to maintaining hydraulic conditions (such as hydraulic efficiency and hydraulic resistance of substratum in subsurface flow systems) in the wetlands and providing a suspended solids filter for minewater.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0959-3330	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Remediation of Ammonia-rich Minewater in Constructed Wetlands; Isi:000176238900002; AMD ISI \| Wolkersdorfer			Approved	no
	Call Number	CBU @ c.wolke @ 17328			Serial	405
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