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Palmer, J. P. (1990). Reclamation and Decontamination of Metalliferous Mining Tailings. Int. J. Mine Water, 9(1-4), 223–235.
Abstract: Parts of Britain have large accumulations of metalliferous tailings derived from mining in the lath, 19th and 20th centuries. These tailings were never subject to land reclamation schemes at the time of mining and are situated very close to water courses. They cause considerable environmental damage in terms of contamination of soils, dust blow and pollution of water courses and groundwater. In some parts of the country mine drainage is a major part of river pollution. In recent years, particularly in Wales, efforts have been made to “clean up” these sites. This has involved using techniques to isolate and contain the spoil, diversion of water courses, and the installation of water treatment facilities and drainage and the establishment of a vegetation cover. Research is also being initiated to investigate ways of decontaminating these metalliferous spoils as an alternative to using covering systems to reclaim them.
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Peterson, D. E., & Kindley, M. J. (1994). The Golden Cross Mine water management system. New Zealand Mining, 14, 15–21.
Abstract: Because of its location in the sensitive Coromandel Peninsula, strict water management and environmental requirements had to be met on the Golden Cross Mine Project. This led to the development of new technologies for cyanide recovery and the adoption of advanced water management and water treatment systems. This paper discusses the water management and treatment system adopted for contaminated water at Golden Cross. While permit discharge levels must be and are met for mine discharge waters, the ultimate success of the water management system is demonstrated by the results downstream; biological surveys show no changes to the resident aquatic life in the river.
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Potgieter-Vermaak, S. S., Potgieter, J. H., Monama, P., & Van Grieken, R. (2006). Comparison of limestone, dolomite and fly ash as pre-treatment agents for acid mine drainage. Minerals Engineering, 19(5), 454–462.
Abstract: The physical, chemical and biological nature of Vaal Dam water, the main source of water in Gauteng, South Africa, is often affected by underground water pollution (acid mine water) and industrial effluents. The ecological significance and detrimental effects necessitate investigations into treating the water prior to discharge into public streams. Although several acid mine water treatment techniques and methods exist, they all have certain disadvantages. Lime treatment is the most common approach. In this investigation, limestone, dolomite and fly ash were selected as pre-treatment agents based on their low cost. Simulated acid mine water containing these agents was tested using a Jar Test apparatus. Samples were analyzed before and after treatment for pH, ferrous, ferric, calcium, magnesium and sulphate ions. The study demonstrated that the quality of the water improved with an increase in the amount and surface area of the raw material dosed and an increase in contact time. It was also influenced by the chemical composition of the acid mine water and aeration. Chemical cost savings of 38% are achieved when lime is replaced with limestone, and cost savings of 23% and 48% can be accomplished when limestone is substituted with dolomite and fly ash respectively. This could result in significant savings to the gold and coal mining industries, and could lead to a mutual benefit/gain between industrialists/polluters and the public.
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Smyth, D., Blowes, D., Ptacek, C., & Bain, J. (2004). Application of permeable reactive barriers for treating mine drainage and dissolved metals in groundwater. Geotechnical News, 22(1), 39–44.
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St-Arnaud, L. C. (1994). Water covers for the decommissioning of sulfidic mine tailings impoundments. In Special Publication – United States. Bureau of Mines, Report: BUMINES-SP-06A-94 (pp. 279–287). Proceedings of the International land reclamation and mine drainage conference and Third international conference on The abatement of acidic drainage; Volume 1 of 4; Mine drainage.
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