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Demchak, J.; Morrow, T.; Skousen, J.; Donovan, J.J.; Rose, A.W. |
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Title |
Treatment of acid mine drainage by four vertical flow wetlands in Pennsylvania Evolution and remediation of acid-sulfate groundwater systems at reclaimed mine-sites |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
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Geochemistry – Exploration, Environment, Analysis |
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1 |
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1 |
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71-80 |
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acid mine drainage alkalinity anaerobic environment Appalachian Plateau Appalachians carbonate rocks Clearfield County Pennsylvania constructed wetlands Eh equilibrium Filson Wetlands ground water Howe Bridge Wetlands hydrology Jefferson County Pennsylvania limestone McKinley Wetlands Mill Creek watershed Moose Creek movement North America passive methods Pennsylvania pH pollution reclamation sedimentary rocks Sommerville Wetlands systems United States water treatment watersheds wetlands 22 Environmental geology 02B Hydrochemistry |
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a serious problem in many watersheds where coal is mined. Passive treatments, such as wetlands and anoxic limestone drains (ALDs), have been developed, but these technologies show varying treatment efficiencies. A new passive treatment technique is a vertical flow wetland or successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS). Four SAPS in Pennsylvania were studied to determine changes in water chemistry from inflow to outflow. The Howe Bridge SAPS removed about 130 mg l (super -1) (40%) of the inflow acidity concentration and about 100 mg l (super -1) (60%) iron (Fe). The Filson 1 SAPS removed 68 mg l (super -1) (26%) acidity, 20 mg l (super -1) (83%) Fe and 6 mg l (super -1) (35%) aluminium (Al). The Sommerville SAPS removed 112 mg l (super -1) (31%) acidity, exported Fe, and removed 13 mg l (super -1) (30%) Al. The McKinley SAPS removed 54 mg l (super -1) (91%) acidity and 5 mg l (super -1) (90%) Fe. Acid removal rates at our four sites were 17 (HB), 52 (Filson1), 18 (Sommerville) and 11 (McKinley) g of acid per m (super 2) of surface wetland area per day (g/m (super 2) d (super -1) ). Calcium (Ca) concentrations in the SAPS effluents were increased between 8 and 57 mg l (super -1) at these sites. Equilibrators, which were inserted into compost layers to evaluate redox conditions at our sites, showed that reducing conditions were generally found at 60 cm compost depths and oxidized conditions were found at 30 cm compost depths. Deeply oxidized zones substantiated observations that channel flow was occurring through some parts of the compost. The Howe Bridge site has not declined in treatment efficiency over a six year treatment life. The SAPS construction costs were equal to about seven years of NaOH chemical treatment costs and 30 years of lime treatment costs. So, if the SAPS treatment longevity is seven years or greater and comparable effluent water quality was achieved, the SAPS construction was cost effective compared to NaOH chemical treatment. Construction recommendations for SAPS include a minimum of 50 cm of compost thickness, periodic replacement or addition of fresh compost material, and increasing the number of drainage pipes underlying the limestone. |
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1467-7873 |
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Treatment of acid mine drainage by four vertical flow wetlands in Pennsylvania Evolution and remediation of acid-sulfate groundwater systems at reclaimed mine-sites; 2002-008380; References: 15; illus. incl. 5 tables United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16518 |
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58 |
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Coulton, R.; Bullen, C.; Hallett, C. |
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Title |
The design and optimisation of active mine water treatment plants |
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Journal Article |
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2003 |
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Land Contam. Reclam. |
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11 |
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2 |
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273-280 |
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sludge mine water treatment mine water active treatment precipitation iron manganese high density sludge sulphide Groundwater problems and environmental effects Pollution and waste management non radioactive manganese sulfide pollutant removal iron water treatment mine drainage |
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This paper provides a 'state of the art' overview of active mine water treatment. The paper discusses the process and reagent selection options commonly available to the designer of an active mine water treatment plant. Comparisons are made between each of these options, based on technical and financial criteria. The various different treatment technologies available are reviewed and comparisons made between conventional precipitation (using hydroxides, sulphides and carbonates), high density sludge processes and super-saturation precipitation. The selection of reagents (quick lime, slaked lime, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and proprietary chemicals) is considered and a comparison made on the basis of reagent cost, ease of use, final effluent quality and sludge settling criteria. The choice of oxidising agent (air, pure oxygen, peroxide, etc.) for conversion of ferrous to ferric iron is also considered. Whole life costs comparisons (capital, operational and decommissioning) are made between conventional hydroxide precipitation and the high density sludge process, based on the actual treatment requirements for four different mine waters. |
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R. Coulton, Unipure Europe Ltd., Wonastow Road, Monmouth NP25 5JA, United Kingdom |
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0967-0513 |
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The design and optimisation of active mine water treatment plants; 2530436; United-Kingdom 4; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17513 |
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59 |
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Barton, C.D.; Karathanasis, A.D. |
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Aerobic and anaerobic metal attenuation processes in a constructed wetland treating acid mine drainage |
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1998 |
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Environ Geosci |
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5 |
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2 |
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43-56 |
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acid mine drainage aerobic environment anaerobic environment attenuation chemical fractionation chemical properties concentration constructed wetlands controls degradation detection environmental analysis ferric iron goethite heavy metals iron jarosite Kentucky McCreary County Kentucky metals oxides pollutants pollution seepage soils solubility sulfates surface water United States water treatment wetlands X-ray diffraction data 22, Environmental geology |
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1075-9565 |
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Aerobic and anaerobic metal attenuation processes in a constructed wetland treating acid mine drainage; 2001-034195; References: 41; illus. incl. 1 table United States (USA); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16623 |
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61 |
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Smyth, D.; Blowes, D.; Ptacek, C.; Bain, J. |
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Title |
Application of permeable reactive barriers for treating mine drainage and dissolved metals in groundwater |
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2004 |
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Geotechnical News |
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22 |
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1 |
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39-44 |
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acid mine drainage; acid rock drainage; aquifers; Canada; Cochrane District Ontario; concentration; disposal barriers; Eastern Canada; ground water; Kidd Creek; mine drainage; mines; Ontario; oxidation; permeability; permeable reactive barrier; pollutants; pollution; remediation; sulfates; sulfides; tailings; testing; Timmins Ontario; waste disposal; waste management; waste rock; waste water; water treatment 22, Environmental geology |
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0823-650x |
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Application of permeable reactive barriers for treating mine drainage and dissolved metals in groundwater; 2006-058196; References: 20; sects. Canada (CAN); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5457 |
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66 |
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Wiseman, I.M.; Rutt, G.P.; Edwards, P.J. |
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Constructed wetlands for minewater treatment: Environmental benefits and ecological recovery |
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2004 |
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Water and Environment Journal |
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18 |
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3 |
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133-138 |
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mine water treatment |
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The ecology of the River Pelenna (in South Wales) was impoverished by polluted discharges from abandoned coal mines. A series of passive constructed wetlands was created in order to treat these discharges and to improve the ecology of the river. A three-year Environment Agency R&D project investigated the performance, environmental benefits and sustainability of the constructed wetlands. It showed that the treatment systems were removing most of the iron contamination. In the reaches downstream from the minewaters, the dissolved-iron concentration quickly dropped below the target level. Invertebrate abundance, trout and riverine bird populations increased in following years. However, occasional overflows from the systems have significantly affected the ecology of one stretch of river The research work has provided an insight into the potential for ecological recovery associated with future minewater treatment. |
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1747-6585 |
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Aug.; Constructed wetlands for minewater treatment: Environmental benefits and ecological recovery; Wos:000230520000002; Times Cited: 0; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/7891.pdf; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 7891 |
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68 |
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