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Younger, P.L.; Cornford, C. |
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Mine water pollution from Kernow to Kwazulu-Natal; geochemical remedial options and their selection in practice |
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2002 |
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Africa Bolivia case studies Cornwall England cost decision-making decontamination Durham England England Europe geochemistry Great Britain Hlobane Colliery hydrology Kernow England KwaZulu-Natal South Africa metals Milluni Mine mine drainage monitoring pollutants pollution Quaking Houses England remediation South Africa South America South Crofty Mine South-West England Southern Africa United Kingdom water treatment Western Europe Wheal Jane Mine 22, Environmental geology |
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Pollution by mine drainage is a major problem in many parts of the world. The most frequent contaminants are Fe, Mn, Al and SO (sub 4) with locally important contributions by other metals/metalloids including (in order of decreasing frequency) Zn, Cu, As, Ni, Cd and Pb. Remedial options for such polluted drainage include monitored natural attenuation, physical intervention to minimise pollutant release, and active and passive water treatment technologies. Based on the assessment of the key hydrological and geochemical attributes of mine water discharges, a rational decision-making framework has now been developed for deciding which (or which combinations) of these options to implement in a specific case. Five case studies illustrate the application of this decision-making process in practice: Wheal Jane and South Crofty (Cornwall), Quaking Houses (Co Durham), Hlobane Colliery (South Africa) and Milluni Tin Mine (Bolivia). In many cases, particularly where the socio-environmental stakes are particularly high, the economic, political and ecological issues will prove even more challenging than the technical difficulties involved in implementing remedial interventions which will be robust in the long term. Hence truly “holistic” mine water remediation is a multi-dimensional business, involving teamwork by a range of geoscientific, hydroecological and socio-economic specialists. |
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Proceedings of the Ussher Society, vol.10, Part 3 |
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40th annual meeting of the Ussher Society |
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2004-019557; 40th annual meeting of the Ussher Society, Saint Austell, United Kingdom, Jan. 3-4, 2002 Scott Simpson lecture References: 39; illus. incl. 3 tables; GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16506 |
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194 |
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Author |
Younger, P.L. |
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Title |
The adoption and adaptation of passive treatment technologies for mine waters in the United Kingdom |
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2000 |
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Mine Water Env. |
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19 |
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2 |
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84-97 |
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wetlands SAPS aerobic wetlands acidity aerobic anaerobic compost iron metals passive reactive barrier water treatment |
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During the 1990s, passive treatment technology was introduced to the United Kingdom (UK). Early hesitancy on the part of regulators and practitioners was rapidly overcome, at least for net-alkaline mine waters, so that passive treatment is now the technology of choice for the long-term remediation of such discharges, wherever land availability is not unduly limiting. Six types of passive systems are now being used in the UK for mine water treatment: ¨ aerobic, surface flow wetlands (reed-beds); ¨ anaerobic, compost wetlands with significant surface flow; ¨ mixed compost / limestone systems, with predominantly subsurface flow (so-called Reducing and Alkalinity Producing Systems (RAPS)); ¨ subsurface reactive barriers to treat acidic, metalliferous ground waters; ¨ closed-system limestone dissolution systems for zinc removal from alkaline waters; ¨ roughing filters for treating ferruginous mine waters where land availability is limited. Each of these technologies is appropriate for a different kind of mine water, or for specific hydraulic circumstances. The degree to which each type of system can be considered “proven technology” corresponds to the order in which they are listed above. Many of these passive systems have become foci for detailed scientific research, as part of a $1.5M European Commission project running from 2000 to 2003. |
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1025-9112 |
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The adoption and adaptation of passive treatment technologies for mine waters in the United Kingdom; 1; FG 5 Abb., 1 Tab.; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17448 |
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198 |
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Younger, P.L. |
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Minewater treatment using wetlands |
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1997 |
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Water and Environment Manager |
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2 |
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4 |
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11 |
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Wetlands and estuaries geographical abstracts: physical geography hydrology (71 6 8) wetlands mine drainage water treatment |
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Experiences gained by the UK Mining Industry and effluent treatment companies in theuse of wetlands for treating minewaters are discussed. Discharges from abandoned mines is a major cause of freshwater pollution in some regions. Key topics relating to the use of wetlands for minewater treatment will be discussed at a CIWEM conference in Newcastle on 5 September 1997. |
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Minewater treatment using wetlands; 0283405; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 10624 |
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200 |
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Author |
Wolkersdorfer, C.; Younger, P.L. |
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Title |
Passive mine water treatment as an alternative to active systems |
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2002 |
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Grundwasser |
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7 |
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2 |
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67-77 |
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Groundwater quality geographical abstracts: physical geography hydrology (71 6 11) water treatment groundwater pollution water quality mine |
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For the treatment of contaminated mine waters reliable treatment methods with low investment and operational costs are essential. Therefore, passive treatment systems recently have been installed in Great Britain and in Germany (e.g. anoxic limestone drains, constructed wetlands, reactive barriers, roughing filters) and during the last eight years such systems successfully treated mine waters, using up to 6 ha of space. In some cases with highly contaminated mine water, a combination of active and passive systems should be applied, as in any case the water quality has to reach the limits. Because not all the processes of passive treatment systems are understood in detail, current research projects (e.g. EU-project PIRAMID) were established to clarify open questions. |
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Dr. Ch. Wolkersdorfer, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Lehrstuhl fur Hydrogeologie, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 12, Freiberg/Saichen 09596, Germany c.wolke@tu-freiberg.de |
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1430-483x |
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Passive mine water treatment as an alternative to active systems; 2428851; Passive Grubenwasserreinigung als Alternative zu aktiven Systemen. Germany 51; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17530 |
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202 |
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Jarvis, A.P.; Younger, P.L. |
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Design, construction and performance of a full-scare compost wetland for mine-spoil drainage treatment at quaking houses |
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1999 |
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Jciwem |
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13 |
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5 |
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313-318 |
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Wetlands and estuaries geographical abstracts: physical geography hydrology (71 6 8) composting constructed wetland design performance assessment United Kingdom EnglandCounty Durham |
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Acidic spoil-heap drainage, containing elevated concentrations of iron, aluminium and manganese, has been polluting the Stanley Burn in County Durham for nearly two decades. Following the success of a pilot-scale wetland (the first application of its kind in Europe), a full-scale wetland was installed. Waste manures and composts have been used as the main substrate which is contained within embankments constructed from compacted pulverized fuel ash. The constructed wetland, which cost less than £20,000 to build, has consistently reduced iron and aluminium concentrations and has markedly lowered the acidity of the drainage. A third phase of activities at the site aims to identify and eliminate pollutant-release 'hot spots' within the spoil. |
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0951-7359 |
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Design, construction and performance of a full-scare compost wetland for mine-spoil drainage treatment at quaking houses; 2227678; United-Kingdom 9; Geobase |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17546 |
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339 |
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