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Botha, G.R.; Sanderson, R.D.; Buckley, C.A. |
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Brief Historical Review of Membrane-development and Membrane Applications in Waste-water Treatment in Southern Africa |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
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Water Sci. Technol. |
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25 |
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10 |
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1-4 |
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Keywords |
membranes reverse osmosis ultrafiltration microfiltration desalination waste-water treatment industrial effluents |
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Abstract |
Away back in 1953 few people in the world, let alone South Africa, knew or had heard about membrane desalination, but there was an increasing awareness that electrodialysis had considerable potential for the desalination of brackish water.In South Africa the development of the new gold fields in the northern Orange Free State and the problems posed by the presence of excessive volumes of very saline mine waters stimulated interest in desalination and the CSIR* in collaboration with the mining industry became involved in the development of the electrodialysis process. By 1959 the largest brackish desalination plant in the world had been built and commissioned. South Africans were thus in the forefront of this technology, even to the extent of making the required membranes locally.Our historical review of membrane development and the applications of membrane technology in Southern Africa encompasses both pressure- and voltage-driven processes. Examples of the pressure processes are microfiltration, ultrafiltration and charged membrane ultrafiltration or nanofiltration, and finally reverse osmosis with fixed and dynamically formed membranes. The voltage-drive processes considered are electrodialysis and electrodialysis reversal. |
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0273-1223 |
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Brief Historical Review of Membrane-development and Membrane Applications in Waste-water Treatment in Southern Africa; Isi:A1992kc89700002; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17314 |
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441 |
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Sierra-Alvarez, R. |
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Title |
Biological treatment of heavy metals in acid mine drainage using sulfate reducing bioreactors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
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Water Sci. Technol. |
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54 |
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2 |
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179-185 |
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mine water treatment |
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The uncontrolled release of acid mine drainage (AMD) from abandoned mines and tailing piles threatens water resources in many sites worldwide. AMD introduces elevated concentrations of sulfate ions and dissolved heavy metals as well as high acidity levels to groundwater and receiving surface water. Anaerobic biological processes relying on the activity of sulfate reducing bacteria are being considered for the treatment of AMD and other heavy metal containing effluents. Biogenic sulfides form insoluble complexes with heavy metals resulting in their precipitation. The objective of this study was to investigate the remediation of AMD in sulfate reducing bioreactors inoculated with anaerobic granular sludge and fed V with an influent containing ethanol. Biological treatment of an acidic (pH 4.0) synthetic AMD containing high concentrations of heavy metals (100 Mg Cu2+vertical bar(-1); 10 mg Ni2+vertical bar(-1), 10 mg Zn2+vertical bar(-1)) increased the effluent pH level to 7.0-7.2 and resulted in metal removal efficiencies exceeding 99.2%. The highest metal precipitation Cn rates attained for Cu, Ni and Zn averaged 92.5, 14.6 and 15.8 mg metal l(-1) of reactor d(-1). The results of this work demonstrate that an ethanol-fed sulfidogenic reactor was highly effective to remove heavy metal contamination and neutralized the acidity of the synthetic wastewater. |
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Biological treatment of heavy metals in acid mine drainage using sulfate reducing bioreactors; Wos:000240449300024; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16943 |
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106 |
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