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Demchak, J.; Morrow, T.; Skousen, J.; Donovan, J.J.; Rose, A.W. |
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Treatment of acid mine drainage by four vertical flow wetlands in Pennsylvania Evolution and remediation of acid-sulfate groundwater systems at reclaimed mine-sites |
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2001 |
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Geochemistry – Exploration, Environment, Analysis |
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1 |
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1 |
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71-80 |
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acid mine drainage alkalinity anaerobic environment Appalachian Plateau Appalachians carbonate rocks Clearfield County Pennsylvania constructed wetlands Eh equilibrium Filson Wetlands ground water Howe Bridge Wetlands hydrology Jefferson County Pennsylvania limestone McKinley Wetlands Mill Creek watershed Moose Creek movement North America passive methods Pennsylvania pH pollution reclamation sedimentary rocks Sommerville Wetlands systems United States water treatment watersheds wetlands 22 Environmental geology 02B Hydrochemistry |
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Abstract |
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a serious problem in many watersheds where coal is mined. Passive treatments, such as wetlands and anoxic limestone drains (ALDs), have been developed, but these technologies show varying treatment efficiencies. A new passive treatment technique is a vertical flow wetland or successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS). Four SAPS in Pennsylvania were studied to determine changes in water chemistry from inflow to outflow. The Howe Bridge SAPS removed about 130 mg l (super -1) (40%) of the inflow acidity concentration and about 100 mg l (super -1) (60%) iron (Fe). The Filson 1 SAPS removed 68 mg l (super -1) (26%) acidity, 20 mg l (super -1) (83%) Fe and 6 mg l (super -1) (35%) aluminium (Al). The Sommerville SAPS removed 112 mg l (super -1) (31%) acidity, exported Fe, and removed 13 mg l (super -1) (30%) Al. The McKinley SAPS removed 54 mg l (super -1) (91%) acidity and 5 mg l (super -1) (90%) Fe. Acid removal rates at our four sites were 17 (HB), 52 (Filson1), 18 (Sommerville) and 11 (McKinley) g of acid per m (super 2) of surface wetland area per day (g/m (super 2) d (super -1) ). Calcium (Ca) concentrations in the SAPS effluents were increased between 8 and 57 mg l (super -1) at these sites. Equilibrators, which were inserted into compost layers to evaluate redox conditions at our sites, showed that reducing conditions were generally found at 60 cm compost depths and oxidized conditions were found at 30 cm compost depths. Deeply oxidized zones substantiated observations that channel flow was occurring through some parts of the compost. The Howe Bridge site has not declined in treatment efficiency over a six year treatment life. The SAPS construction costs were equal to about seven years of NaOH chemical treatment costs and 30 years of lime treatment costs. So, if the SAPS treatment longevity is seven years or greater and comparable effluent water quality was achieved, the SAPS construction was cost effective compared to NaOH chemical treatment. Construction recommendations for SAPS include a minimum of 50 cm of compost thickness, periodic replacement or addition of fresh compost material, and increasing the number of drainage pipes underlying the limestone. |
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1467-7873 |
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Treatment of acid mine drainage by four vertical flow wetlands in Pennsylvania Evolution and remediation of acid-sulfate groundwater systems at reclaimed mine-sites; 2002-008380; References: 15; illus. incl. 5 tables United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16518 |
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58 |
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Skousen, J.G. |
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Title |
Acid-Mine Drainage Treatment Alternatives |
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1992 |
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Land Reclamation : Advances in Research & Technology |
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297-303 |
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mine water treatment |
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Acid-Mine Drainage Treatment Alternatives; Isip:A1992by10s00035; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 9016 |
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147 |
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Skousen, J.G. |
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An Evaluation Of Acid-Mine Drainage Treatment Systems And Costs |
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1991 |
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Environmental Management for the 1990s |
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173-178 |
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mine water treatment |
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An Evaluation Of Acid-Mine Drainage Treatment Systems And Costs; Isip:A1991bs89e00024; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 9041 |
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148 |
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Ziemkiewicz, P.F.; Skousen, J.G.; Skousen, J.G.; Ziemkiewicz, P.F. |
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Title |
Prevention of acid mine drainage by alkaline addition |
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Book Chapter |
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1996 |
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Acid mine drainage control and treatment |
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acid mine drainage; acidification; alkalinity; Appalachians; coal; land use; leachate; leaching; mines; mitigation; North America; oxidation; pollution; preventive measures; pyrite; reclamation; sampling; sedimentary rocks; soils; spoils; sulfides; surface water; techniques; United States; water pollution; water quality; water treatment; weathered materials; West Virginia 22, Environmental geology |
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West Virginia University and the National Mine Land Reclamation Center |
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Morgantown |
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Prevention of acid mine drainage by alkaline addition; GeoRef; English; 2004-051146; Edition: 2 References: 18; illus. incl. 2 tables |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6356 |
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185 |
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Ziemkiewicz, P.F.; Skousen, J.G.; Skousen, J.G.; Ziemkiewicz, P.F. |
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Overview of acid mine drainage at-source control strategies |
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1996 |
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Acid mine drainage control and treatment |
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acid mine drainage; acidification; alkalinity; backfill; coal mines; disposal barriers; geochemistry; ground water; hydrochemistry; hydrology; leaching; legislation; mines; mitigation; Pennsylvania; pollution; prediction; reclamation; remediation; simulation; SMCRA; soils; Surface Mine Control and Reclamation Act; surface water; topsoil; toxicity; United States; waste disposal; waste rock; water quality; weathering 22, Environmental geology |
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West Virginia University and the National Mine Land Reclamation Center |
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Morgantown |
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Overview of acid mine drainage at-source control strategies; GeoRef; English; 2004-051145; Edition: 2 References: 44 |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 6355 |
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186 |
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