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Author Banks, D.; Younger, P.L.; Arnesen, R.-T.; Iversen, E.R.; Banks, S.B. url  openurl
  Title Mine-water chemistry: The good, the bad and the ugly Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Environ. Geol. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 157-174  
  Keywords mine water treatment mine-water chemistry acid mine drainage mine-water pollution mine-water treatment county-durham drainage movements Pollution and waste management non radioactive Groundwater problems and environmental effects mine drainage contamination hydrogeochemistry mine water drainage acid mine drainage  
  Abstract Contaminative mine drainage waters have become one of the major hydrogeological and geochemical problems arising from mankind's intrusion into the geosphere. Mine drainage waters in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom are of three main types: (1) saline formation waters; (2) acidic, heavy-metal-containing, sulphate waters derived from pyrite oxidation, and (3) alkaline, hydrogen-sulphide-containing, heavy-metal-poor waters resulting from buffering reactions and/or sulphate reduction. Mine waters are not merely to be perceived as problems, they can be regarded as industrial or drinking water sources and have been used for sewage treatment, tanning and industrial metals extraction. Mine-water problems may be addressed by isolating the contaminant source, by suppressing the reactions releasing contaminants, or by active or passive water treatment. Innovative treatment techniques such as galvanic suppression, application of bactericides, neutralising or reducing agents (pulverised fly ash-based grouts, cattle manure, whey, brewers' yeast) require further research.  
  Address D. Banks, Norges Geologiske Undersokelse, Postboks 3006 – Lade, N-7002 Trondheim, Norway  
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  ISSN 0943-0105 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Oct.; Mine-water chemistry: The good, the bad and the ugly; 0337169; Germany 78; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/10620.pdf; Geobase Approved no  
  Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 10620 Serial 18  
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Author Jarvis, A.P.; Younger, P.L. url  openurl
  Title Passive treatment of ferruginous mine waters using high surface area media Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Water Res. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 35 Issue 15 Pages 3643-3648  
  Keywords mine water treatment passive treatment mine water accretion oxidation iron manganese water treatment  
  Abstract Rapid oxidation and accretion of iron onto high surface area media has been investigated as a potential passive treatment option for ferruginous, net-alkaline minewaters. Two pilot-scale reactors were installed at a site in County Durham, UK. Each 2.0m high cylinder contained different high surface area plastic trickling filter media. Ferruginous minewater was fed downwards over the media at various flow-rates with the objective of establishing the efficiency of iron removal at different loading rates. Residence time of water within the reactors was between 70 and 360s depending on the flow-rate (1 and 12l/min, respectively). Average influent total iron concentration for the duration of these experiments was 1.43mg/l (range 1.08-1.84mg/l; n=16), whilst effluent iron concentrations averaged 0.41mg/l (range 0.20-1.04mg/l; n=15) for Reactor A and 0.38mg/l (range 0.11-0.93mg/l; n=16) for Reactor B. There is a strong correlation between influent iron load and iron removal rate. Even at the highest loading rates (approximately 31.6g/day) 43% and 49% of the total iron load was removed in Reactors A and B, respectively. At low manganese loading rates (approximately 0.50-0.90g/day) over 50% of the manganese was removed in Reactor B. Iron removal rate (g/m3/d) increases linearly with loading rate (g/day) up to 14g/d and the slope of the line indicates that a mean of 85% of the iron is removed. In conclusion, it appears that the oxidation and accretion of ochre on high surface area media may be a promising alternative passive technology to constructed wetlands at certain sites.  
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  ISSN 0043-1354 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Oct; Passive treatment of ferruginous mine waters using high surface area media; 9; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/9698.pdf; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer Approved no  
  Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 9698 Serial 27  
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Author Younger, P.L. url  openurl
  Title Holistic remedial strategies for short- and long-term water pollution from abandoned mines Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Section a-Mining Technology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 109 Issue Pages A210-A218  
  Keywords abandoned mines acid mine drainage Europe mines mining planning pollution remediation United Kingdom water pollution Western Europe  
  Abstract Where mining proceeds below the water-table-as it has extensively in Britain and elsewhere-water ingress is not only a hindrance during mineral extraction but also a potential liability after abandonment. This is because the cessation of dewatering that commonly follows mine closure leads to a rise in the water-table and associated, often rapid, changes in the chemical regime of the subsurface. Studies over the past two decades have provided insights into the nature and time-scales of these changes and provide a basis for rational planning of mine-water management during and after mine abandonment. The same insights into mine-water chemistry provide hints for the efficient remediation of pollution (typically due to Fe, Mn and Al and, in some cases, Zn, Cd, Pb and other metals). Intensive treatment (by chemical dosing with enhanced sedimentation or alternative processes, such as sulphidization or reverse osmosis) is often necessary only during the first few years following complete flooding of mine voids. Passive treatment (by the use of gravity-flow geochemical reactors and wetlands) may be both more cost-effective and ecologically more responsible in the long term. By the end of 1999 a total of 28 passive systems had been installed at United Kingdom mine sites, including examples of system types currently unique to the United Kingdom. Early performance data for all the systems are summarized and shown to demonstrate the efficacy of passive treatment when appropriately applied.  
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  ISSN 0371-7844 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Holistic remedial strategies for short- and long-term water pollution from abandoned mines; Wos:000167240600013; Times Cited: 2; ISI Web of Science Approved no  
  Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 17458 Serial 126  
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Author Younger, P.L. url  openurl
  Title Passive in situ remediation of acidic mine waste leachates: progress and prospects Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Land Reclamation: Extending the Boundaries Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 253-264  
  Keywords mine water treatment  
  Abstract The reclamation of former mining sites is a major challenge in many parts of the world. In relation to the restoration of spoil heaps (mine waste rock piles) and similar bodies of opencast backfill, key challenges include (i) the establishment of stable slopes and minimization of other geotechnical hazards (ii) developing and maintaining a healthy vegetative cover (iii) managing the hydrological behaviour of the restored ground. Significant advances have been made over the past four decades in relation to all four of these objectives. One of the most recalcitrant problems is the ongoing generation and release of acidic leachates, which typically emerge at the toes of (otherwise restored) spoil heaps in the form of springs and seepage areas. Such features are testament to the presence of a “perched” groundwater circulation system within the spoil, and their acidity reflects the continued penetration of oxygen to zones within the heaps which contain reactive pyrite (and other iron sulphide minerals). Two obvious strategies for dealing with this problem are disruption of the perched groundwater system and/or exclusion of oxygen entry. These strategies are now being pursued with considerable success where spoil is being reclaimed for the first time, by the installation of two types of physical barrier (dry covers and water covers). However, where a spoil heap has already been revegetated some decades ago, the destruction of an established sward or woodland in order to retro-fit a dry cover or water cover is rarely an attractive option for dealing with the “secondary dereliction” represented by ongoing toe seepages of acidic leachates. More attractive by far are passive treatment techniques, in which the polluted water is forced to flow through reactive media which serve to neutralize its acidity and remove toxic metals from solution. A brief historical review of the development of such systems reveals a general progression from using limestone as the key neutralizing agent, through a combined use of limestone and compost, to systems in which almost all of the neutralization is achieved by means of bacterial sulphate reduction in the saturated compost media of subsurface-flow bioreactors. In almost all cases, these passive treatment systems include an aerobic, surface flow wetland as the final “polishing” step in the treatment process. Such wetlands combine treatment functions (efficient removal of metals from the now-neutralized waters down to low residual concentrations, and re-oxygenating the water prior to discharge to receiving watercourses) with amenity value (attractive areas for recreational walking, bird-watching etc) and ecological value.  
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  Notes Passive in situ remediation of acidic mine waste leachates: progress and prospects; Isip:000183447100035; Times Cited: 0; ISI Web of Science Approved no  
  Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 17016 Serial 158  
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Author Younger, P.L.; Neal, C.; House, W.A.; Leeks, G.J.L.; Marker, A.H. openurl 
  Title The longevity of minewater pollution; a basis for decision-making U.K. fluxes to the North Sea; Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS); river basins research, the first two years Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication The Science of the Total Environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 194-195 Issue Pages 457-466  
  Keywords acid mine drainage; acidic composition; acidification; Cornwall England; decision-making; degradation; discharge; England; Europe; Great Britain; hydrolysis; mines; planning; pollutants; pollution; remediation; retention; Scotland; soils; surface water; United Kingdom; Wales; waste disposal; water quality; Western Europe 22, Environmental geology  
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  ISSN 0048-9697 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes The longevity of minewater pollution; a basis for decision-making U.K. fluxes to the North Sea; Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS); river basins research, the first two years; 1997-078352; Special issue References: 30; illus. Netherlands (NLD); GeoRef; English Approved no  
  Call Number CBU @ c.wolke @ 6259 Serial 193  
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