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Demchak, J.; Morrow, T.; Skousen, J.; Donovan, J.J.; Rose, A.W. |
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Treatment of acid mine drainage by four vertical flow wetlands in Pennsylvania Evolution and remediation of acid-sulfate groundwater systems at reclaimed mine-sites |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
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Geochemistry – Exploration, Environment, Analysis |
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1 |
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1 |
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71-80 |
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acid mine drainage alkalinity anaerobic environment Appalachian Plateau Appalachians carbonate rocks Clearfield County Pennsylvania constructed wetlands Eh equilibrium Filson Wetlands ground water Howe Bridge Wetlands hydrology Jefferson County Pennsylvania limestone McKinley Wetlands Mill Creek watershed Moose Creek movement North America passive methods Pennsylvania pH pollution reclamation sedimentary rocks Sommerville Wetlands systems United States water treatment watersheds wetlands 22 Environmental geology 02B Hydrochemistry |
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Abstract |
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a serious problem in many watersheds where coal is mined. Passive treatments, such as wetlands and anoxic limestone drains (ALDs), have been developed, but these technologies show varying treatment efficiencies. A new passive treatment technique is a vertical flow wetland or successive alkalinity producing system (SAPS). Four SAPS in Pennsylvania were studied to determine changes in water chemistry from inflow to outflow. The Howe Bridge SAPS removed about 130 mg l (super -1) (40%) of the inflow acidity concentration and about 100 mg l (super -1) (60%) iron (Fe). The Filson 1 SAPS removed 68 mg l (super -1) (26%) acidity, 20 mg l (super -1) (83%) Fe and 6 mg l (super -1) (35%) aluminium (Al). The Sommerville SAPS removed 112 mg l (super -1) (31%) acidity, exported Fe, and removed 13 mg l (super -1) (30%) Al. The McKinley SAPS removed 54 mg l (super -1) (91%) acidity and 5 mg l (super -1) (90%) Fe. Acid removal rates at our four sites were 17 (HB), 52 (Filson1), 18 (Sommerville) and 11 (McKinley) g of acid per m (super 2) of surface wetland area per day (g/m (super 2) d (super -1) ). Calcium (Ca) concentrations in the SAPS effluents were increased between 8 and 57 mg l (super -1) at these sites. Equilibrators, which were inserted into compost layers to evaluate redox conditions at our sites, showed that reducing conditions were generally found at 60 cm compost depths and oxidized conditions were found at 30 cm compost depths. Deeply oxidized zones substantiated observations that channel flow was occurring through some parts of the compost. The Howe Bridge site has not declined in treatment efficiency over a six year treatment life. The SAPS construction costs were equal to about seven years of NaOH chemical treatment costs and 30 years of lime treatment costs. So, if the SAPS treatment longevity is seven years or greater and comparable effluent water quality was achieved, the SAPS construction was cost effective compared to NaOH chemical treatment. Construction recommendations for SAPS include a minimum of 50 cm of compost thickness, periodic replacement or addition of fresh compost material, and increasing the number of drainage pipes underlying the limestone. |
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1467-7873 |
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Treatment of acid mine drainage by four vertical flow wetlands in Pennsylvania Evolution and remediation of acid-sulfate groundwater systems at reclaimed mine-sites; 2002-008380; References: 15; illus. incl. 5 tables United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16518 |
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58 |
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Barton, C.D.; Karathanasis, A.D. |
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Title |
Aerobic and anaerobic metal attenuation processes in a constructed wetland treating acid mine drainage |
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Year |
1998 |
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Environ Geosci |
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5 |
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2 |
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43-56 |
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acid mine drainage aerobic environment anaerobic environment attenuation chemical fractionation chemical properties concentration constructed wetlands controls degradation detection environmental analysis ferric iron goethite heavy metals iron jarosite Kentucky McCreary County Kentucky metals oxides pollutants pollution seepage soils solubility sulfates surface water United States water treatment wetlands X-ray diffraction data 22, Environmental geology |
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1075-9565 |
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Aerobic and anaerobic metal attenuation processes in a constructed wetland treating acid mine drainage; 2001-034195; References: 41; illus. incl. 1 table United States (USA); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16623 |
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61 |
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Agency, U.S.E.P.; Development, O. of R. and |
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Active and semi-passive lime treatment of acid mine drainage at Leviathan Mine, California |
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RPT |
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2006 |
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94 |
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National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
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Cincinnati, OH |
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Mar; Active and semi-passive lime treatment of acid mine drainage at Leviathan Mine, California; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/7171.pdf; Opac |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 7171 |
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62 |
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Laboratory, N.R.M.R. |
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Demonstration of Aquafix and SAPS passive mine water treatment technologies at the Summitville Mine site |
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2004 |
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Cincinnati, Ohio : National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
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Cincinnati, Ohio |
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June; Demonstration of Aquafix and SAPS passive mine water treatment technologies at the Summitville Mine site; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/7186.pdf; Opac |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 7186 |
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63 |
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Herbert, R.B., Jr.; Benner, S.G.; Blowes, D.W. |
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Reactive barrier treatment of groundwater contaminated by acid mine drainage; sulphur accumulation and sulphide formation |
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1998 |
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Groundwater Quality: Remediation and Protection |
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451-457 |
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acid mine drainage Canada chemical analysis contaminant plumes Eastern Canada ground water hydraulic conductivity hydrolysis Nickel Rim Mine Ontario pH pollution porosity pyrrhotite remediation sample preparation Sudbury Basin sulfides sulfur tailings water pollution 22, Environmental geology |
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A permeable reactive barrier was installed in August 1995 at the Nickel Rim Mine near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, for the passive remediation of groundwater contaminated with acid mine drainage. The reactive component of the barrier consists of a mixture of municipal and leaf compost and wood chips: the organic material promotes bacterially-mediated sulphate reduction. Hydrogen sulphide, a product of sulphate reduction, may then complex with aqueous ferrous iron and precipitate as iron sulphide. This study presents the solid phase sulphur chemistry of the reactive wall after two years of operation, and discusses the formation and accumulation of iron sulphide minerals in the reactive material. The results from the solid-phase chemical analysis of core samples indicate that there is an accumulation of reduced inorganic sulphur in the reactive wall, with levels reaching 190 mu mol g (super -1) (dry weight) by July 1997. |
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IAHS-AISH Publication, vol.250 |
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Herbert, M.; Kovar, K. |
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1901502554 |
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Reactive barrier treatment of groundwater contaminated by acid mine drainage; sulphur accumulation and sulphide formation; GeoRef; English; 1999-065115; GQ 98 conference, Tubingen, Federal Republic of Germany, Sept. 21-24, 1998 References: 15; illus. |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 16621 |
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65 |
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