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Author |
Ericsson, B.; Hallmans, B. |
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Title |
Treatment of saline wastewater for zero discharge at the Debiensko coal mines in Poland |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Desalination |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
105 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
115-123 |
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Keywords |
mine water |
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Abstract |
The drainage water from mines in Poland has a daily contribution of, in the order of magnitude, 6,500 tons of chlorides and 0.5 ton of sulphates to the rivers Vistula (Wisla) and Oder (Odra). The largest amounts of these salts, about 78%, derive from 18 mines located mainly in the Katowice mine district. The high salt content in the water from the Vistula prevents at present its use in agriculture and causes tremendous economic losses due to corrosion attacks on pipes, machines, etc., within the industry. At present only about 4% of the river water can be classified as drinking water. To combat this problem a desalination project in Katowice has now almost been completed, including advanced treatment of wastewater for zero discharge from the two adjacent coal mines, Debiensko and Budryk. It implies elimination of 310 tons/d of salt discharge to the Odra River. The complete treatment processes are divided into three main sections: (1) pretreatment before reverse osmosis (RO) of about 12,400 m3/d drainage water from the two mines with a salinity of around 16,000 mg/l TDS on the average; (2) RO plant including post-treatment of the RO permeate; (3) a thermal plant for concentration of brine (about 4,600 m3/d) and separation of sodium chloride (NaCl) by crystallization, centrifuging and drying. The RO pretreatment includes algicide dosing in a storage tank, disinfection, flocculation/sedimentation and dual media filtration as well as granular activated carbon filtration. After a two-stage microfilter system (50 μ and 5 μ, respectively), the pretreated water is desalinated at 6-7 MPa in a RO system with spiral wound RO membranes. The RO permeate is decarbonated in a part-flow followed by addition of chemicals for disinfection and increase of the temporary hardness before distribution in the drinking water net. The flow into the thermal plant consists of the RO reject (about 2,700 m3/d) with a salinity of around 80 g/l TDS and the brine flow (about 1,870 m3/d) from the Budryk mine with about the same salinity. The first section of the thermal plant is composed of two brine concentrators, designed by Resources Conservation Company (RCC), USA. By using the seed crystal recycling technique it is possible to concentrate the feed to near the precipitation point for NaCl. The second section of the thermal plant includes one crystallizer for production of NaCl, two pusher centrifuges for salt removal from supersaturated brine and one fluidized bed dryer. The crystallizer is a forced circulation submerged-tube evaporator equipped with a mechanical vapor compressor. An additional section is also planned to be constructed for treatment of the purge from the crystallizer in order to recover other valuable chemical products and distillate. The process is fully automatic and controlled by programmable logic controllers. The plant has finally been designed by Energotechnika, Poland, after preparation of technical and economical planning of the project in coordination with Nordcap Ltd., RCC and VBB Viak-SWECO, Stockholm. In the summer 1994 the thermal plant was started up, and the RO plant is expected to be in operation during the spring 1995. The paper covers the project design with illustrations of the main parts of the plant and summarizes the results of the initial operation. |
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0011-9164 |
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June; Treatment of saline wastewater for zero discharge at the Debiensko coal mines in Poland; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/9451.pdf; Science Direct |
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Call Number |
CBU @ c.wolke @ 17274 |
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53 |
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Author |
Foucher, S.; Battaglia-Brunet, F.; Ignatiadis, I.; Morin, D. |
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Title |
Treatment by sulfate-reducing bacteria of Chessy acid-mine drainage and metals recovery |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Chemical Engineering Science |
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56 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1639-1645 |
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Keywords |
Acid mine drainage Sulfate-reducing bacteria Sulfide precipitation Hydrogen transfer Fixed bed column reactor |
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Abstract |
Acid-mine drainage can contain high concentrations of heavy metals and release of these contaminants into the environment is generally avoided by lime neutralization. However, this classical treatment is expensive and generates large amounts of residual sludge. The selective precipitation of metals using H2S produced biologically by sulfate-reducing bacteria has been proposed as an alternative process. Here, we report on experiments using real effluent from the disused Chessy-les-Mines mine-site at the laboratory pilot scale. A fixed-bed bioreactor, fed with an H2/CO2 mixture, was used in conjunction with a gas stripping column. The maximum rate of hydrogen transfer in the bioreactor was determined before inoculation. kLa was deduced from measurements of O2 using Higbie and Danckwert's models which predict a dependence on diffusivity. The dynamic method of physical absorption and desorption was used. The maximum rate of H2 transfer suggests that this step should not be a limiting factor. However, an increase in H2 flow rate was observed to induce an increase in sulfate reduction rate. For the precipitation step, the gas mixture from the bioreactor was bubbled into a stirred reactor fed with the real effluent. Cu and Zn could be selectively recovered at pH=2.8 and pH=3.5, respectively. Other impurities such as Ni and Fe could also be removed at pH=6 by sulfide precipitation. Part of the outlet stream from the bioreactor was used to regulate and maintain the pH during sulfide precipitation by feeding the outlet stream back into the bioreactor. The replacement of synthetic medium with real effluent had a positive effect on sulfate reduction rate which increased by 30-40%. This improvement in bacterial efficiency may be related to the large range of oligo-elements provided by the mine-water. The maximum sulfate reduction rate observed with the real effluent was 200 mgl-1 h-1, corresponding to a residence time of 0.9 day. A preliminary cost estimation based on a treatment rate of 5 m3 h-1 of a mine effluent containing 5 gl-1 SO42- is presented. |
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0009-2509 |
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Feb.; Treatment by sulfate-reducing bacteria of Chessy acid-mine drainage and metals recovery; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/10064.pdf; Science Direct |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 10064 |
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54 |
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Author |
Kepler, D.A.; Mc Cleary, E.C. |
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Title |
Successive Alkalinity-Producing Systems (SAPS) for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
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Proceedings, International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference |
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1 |
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195-204 |
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acid mine drainage; alkalinity; anaerobic environment; calcium carbonate; chemical reactions; experimental studies; pH; pollutants; pollution; remediation; water quality SAPS mine water RAPS |
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Abstract |
Constructed wetland treatment system effectiveness has been limited by the alkalinity-producing, or acidity-neutralizing, capabilities of systems. Anoxic limestone drains (ALD's) have allowed for the treatment of approximately 300 mg/L net acidic mine drainage, but current design guidance precludes using successive ALD's to generate alkalinity in excess of 300 mg/L because of concerns with dissolved oxygen. “Compost” wetlands designed to promote bacterially mediated sulfate reduction are suggested as a means of generating alkalinity required in excess of that produced by ALD's. Compost wetlands create two basic needs of sulfate reducing bacteria; anoxic conditions resulting from the inherent oxygen demand of the organic substrate, and quasi-circumneutral pH values resulting from the dissolution of the carbonate fraction of the compost. However, sulfate reduction treatment area needs are generally in excess of area availability and/or cost effectiveness. Second generation alkalinity-producing systems demonstrate that a combination of existing treatment mechanisms has the potential to overcome current design concerns and effectively treat acidic waters ad infinitum. Successive alkalinity-producing systems (SAPS) combine ALD technology with sulfate reduction mechanisms. SAPS promote vertical flow through rich organic wetland substrates into limestone beds beneath the organic compost, discharging the pore waters. SAPS allow for conservative wetland treatment sizing calculations to be made as a rate function based on pH and alkalinity values and associated contaminant loadings. SAPS potentially decrease treatment area requirements and have the further potential to generate alkalinity in excess of acidity regardless od acidity concentrations. |
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Successive Alkalinity-Producing Systems (SAPS) for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage; Cn, Kj, Aj; file:///C:/Dokumente%20und%20Einstellungen/Stefan/Eigene%20Dateien/Artikel/9722.pdf; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 9722 |
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55 |
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Author |
Kuyucak, N. |
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Title |
Mining, the Environment and the Treatment of Mine Effluents |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
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Int. J. Environ. Pollut. |
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10 |
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2 |
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315-325 |
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mine water treatment acid mine drainage high density sludge lime neutralization mining environment passive treatment sulfate-reducing bacteria |
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Abstract |
The environmental impact of mining on the ecosystem, including land, water and air, has become an unavoidable reality. Guidelines and regulations have been promulgated to protect the environment throughout mining activities from start-up to site decommissioning. In particular, the occurrence of acid mine drainage (AMD), due to oxidation of sulfide mineral wastes, has become the major area of concern to many mining industries during operations and after site decommissioning. AMD is characterized by high acidity and a high concentration of sulfates and dissolved metals. If it cannot be prevented or controlled, it must be treated to eliminate acidity, and reduce heavy metals and suspended solids before release to the environment. This paper discusses conventional and new methods used for the treatment of mine effluents, in particular the treatment of AMD. |
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0957-4352 |
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Mining, the Environment and the Treatment of Mine Effluents; Isi:000078420600009; AMD ISI | Wolkersdorfer |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 17477 |
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56 |
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Author |
Dempsey, B.A.; Jeon, B.-H. |
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Characteristics of sludge produced from passive treatment of mine drainage |
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2001 |
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Geochem.-Explor. Environ. Anal. |
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1 |
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1 |
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89-94 |
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acid mine drainage; aerobic environment; anaerobic environment; Appalachian Plateau; Appalachians; carbonate rocks; coagulation; compressibility; decontamination; density; drainage; filtration; geochemistry; Howe Bridge; Jefferson County Pennsylvania; limestone; mining geology; North America; passive systems; Pennsylvania; pH; pollution; ponds; rates; reclamation; sedimentary rocks; settling; sludge; slurries; suspended materials; United States; viscosity; wet packing density; wetlands; zeta-potential 22, Environmental geology |
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In the 1994 paper by Brown, Skousen & Renton it was argued that settleability and wet-packing density were the most important physical characteristics of sludge from treatment of mine drainage. These characteristics plus zeta-potential, intrinsic viscosity, specific resistance to filtration, and coefficient of compressibility were determined for several sludge samples from passive treatment sites and for several sludge samples that were prepared in the laboratory. Sludge from passive systems had high packing density, low intrinsic viscosity, low specific resistance to filtration and low coefficient of compressibility compared to sludge that was produced after addition of NaOH. |
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1467-7873 |
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Feb.; Characteristics of sludge produced from passive treatment of mine drainage; 2002-008382; References: 29; illus. incl. 5 tables United Kingdom (GBR); GeoRef; English |
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CBU @ c.wolke @ 5734 |
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57 |
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