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Younger, P. L. (1998). (L. Nel Petrus Johannes, Ed.). Mine Water and Environmental Impacts. 2: Proceedings International Mine Water Association Symposium.
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Wiessner, A. (1998). The treatment of a deposited lignite pyrolysis wastewater by adsorption using activated carbon and activated coke. Colloids and Surfaces a-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 139(1), 91–97.
Abstract: To study the functions of activated carbon and activated coke adsorption for the treatment of highly contaminated discolored industrial wastewater with a wide molecular size distribution of organic compounds, the deposited lignite pyrolysis wastewater from a filled open-cast coal mine was used for continuous and discontinuous experiments.
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Vegt, A. L. de, Bayer, H. G., & Buisman, C. J. (1998). Biological sulfate removal and metal recovery from mine waters. Min. Eng., 50(11), 67–70.
Abstract: Metalle und Sulfat können aus Grubenwässern in einem zweistufigen biologischen Prozeß entfernt werden. In der ersten Stufe wird das Sulfat durch Bakterien zu Schwefelwasserstoff reduziert. Dieser reagiert mit den gelösten Metallen zu unlöslichem Metallsulfid. Im zweiten Schritt wird überschüssiger Schwefelwasserstoff durch Bakterien zu elementarem Schwefel oxidiert. Eine nach diesem Verfahren arbeitende Anlage wurde 1992 durch die Budelco Zinc Refinery in den Niederlanden installiert. Diese verarbeitet täglich 5000 m(exp 3) Gundwasser. Zur Weiterentwicklung des Verfahrens für die Entfernung von Metallen und Sulfat aus Grundwasser und zur gezielten Kupfergewinnung aus Laugungswässern wurde 1995 in der Kupfergrube Bingham Canyon Utah, USA eine entsprechende Pilotanlage in Betrieb genommen. Anhand dieser Pilotanlage werden der Verfahrensablauf und erste Erfahrungen dargestellt sowie ein Überblick über das Untersuchungsprogramm gegeben.
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Skousen, J. G., Rose, A., Geidel, G., Foreman, J., Evans, R., & Hellier, W. (1998). Handbook of Technologies for Avoidance and Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage. Morgantown: The National Mine Land Reclamation Center.
Abstract: An array of techniques have been developed during the last several decades to abate or control pollution by acid mine drainage (AMD) from coal and metal mines. Although most of these techniques are successful in eliminating or decreasing the deleterious effects of AMD in some situations, they are unsuccessful in others. Due to the inherent variability between mines and environmental conditions, no one abatement or treatment technique is effective on all sites, and selection of the best method on each site is difficult given the array of methods available. The techniques also vary in the type and size of problem they are capable of handling. Their individual costs, effectiveness, and maintenance are also important considerations. Therefore, accurate information is needed to understand the limitations of the various methods and their response to various site variables. Continued research is imperative for field testing of existing technologies, as well as continued development of new technologies. At present, there is no authoritative guide or manual to assist in evaluating the best technique for a given situation. In order to continue to mine coal and other minerals without harming the environment, the best science and techniques must be identified and implemented in order to minimize the production of AMD. To accomplish this goal, the Acid Mine Drainage Technology Initiative (ADTI) was organized to promote communication among scientists and engineers dealing with AMD, and to develop a consensus on the identification and optimum usage of each method. The intent is to provide information on selection of appropriate techniques for specific problems that will ultimately lead to a higher level of success in avoidance of AMD and remediation of existing sources, at a savings in cost and staff time, and with greater assurance that a planned technique will accomplish its objective. This effort will result in enhancement of mine drainage quality, improvement in stream cleanup and its cost effectiveness, and development of a mechanism for technology transfer.
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Skousen, J., Rose, A., Geidel, G., Foreman, J., Evans, R., & Hellier, W. (1998). A handbook of technologies for avoidance and remediation of acid mine drainage.
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